This data set is comprised of one table with sampling information and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject accession numbers for sequence information of this amplicon-based study targeting Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii in freshwater systems of Alaska from environmental samples. Highly conserved primers which can differentiate these species of interest were developed for four portions of Elodea mtDNA genes (ITS1-5.8S, atpB-rbcL, and two variations of trnL-trnF). The reference sequences and conserved primer sets to identify species present were developed using publicly available data from NCBI GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/).