These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
Water and Extreme Weather
Water, Water, Everywhere!
Whether it's flooding from thunderstorms, storm surge, or tsunamis… sometimes water goes where we don’t want it.
Water, Water, Everywhere... or Not!
Great Salt Lake website tracks historically low lake levels and ecosystem effects of prolonged drought.
Before, During, and After the Flames
New Wildland Fire Science Strategy outlines research, technologies, and best practices to support risk, detection, and recovery.
Could You Outrun a Tsunami Wave?
Interactive map shows areas where O‘ahu, Hawai’i, residents could evacuate on foot.
Keeping Communities Safe When Hurricanes Approach
USGS science provides response partners with crucial information about hurricane water levels, storm surge, coastal erosion, floodwater extent, and more.
Water is essential for all life on Earth, but too much water – or too little – can cause big problems. The USGS studies a wide range of water-related hazards, from large storms and flooding to drought and post-wildfire runoff, and helps communities plan for and respond to water-related emergencies.
From Snow to Flow: What Changing Snowmelt Means for Water in the Western U.S.
A majority of the water in the western U.S. comes from snowmelt, but changes in the timing, magnitude, and duration of snowmelt can alter water availability downstream. See what changing snowmelt means for water in the West, and how new USGS efforts can advance snow science.
Examples of USGS Water and Extreme Weather Science
Water covers roughly 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and is the single most powerful driver for changing the landscape of the planet. Regardless of where in the water cycle the element sits, water and extreme weather can be disastrous. Intense storms can trigger landslides, flood low-lying areas, or create fast-moving rivers that can wipe out bridges and buildings. Extreme drought can lead to wildfires, poor water quality, and water scarcity. Climate change is affecting precipitation patterns and increasing weather extremes. By monitoring and studying water and extreme weather, we can improve our ability to protect lives, property, and natural resources when emergencies happen.
Innovative Solutions for Challenging Hazards
Water-related hazards can happen anywhere, but it’s impossible to collect on-the-ground data everywhere. Using new technologies like remote sensing, drones, artificial intelligence, and non-contact streamgages, we can keep the data flowing in previously unmonitored locations – and where it's too dangerous for people to go.
Hazards can often have complex and interrelated relationships – an earthquake can cause a tsunami, which in turn can cause inland flooding. An atmospheric river over a drought-stricken region can cause severe flooding, erosion, and mudslides. Because the USGS studies such a wide variety of hazards, our scientists can collaborate to study how multiple hazards interact, which can improve our ability to forecast and respond to multi-hazard events.
National Research Supports Local Response
As a federal science agency, the USGS is uniquely positioned to study water hazards that cross multiple states and regions. We can model water availability and stream statistics across the entire Nation. We can forecast coastal erosion along the entire East Coast. We can monitor flooding as hurricanes track from the Gulf Coast into inland states. We can transfer staff and equipment from one region to another when disaster strikes. We can use what we learn in one area of the country to help inform another. And all of our science and data is available to any local community or individual who needs it.
When it comes to water and extreme weather hazards, the USGS doesn't work alone – we support many federal, state, and local partners by providing real-time data and scientific expertise, deploying specialized instrumentation, and helping understand causes and effects once the event is over. Collaboration is crucial for responding to widespread threats like flooding, fires, and drought.
Publications
USGS integrated drought science
Identifying and preserving high-water mark data
Community exposure to tsunami hazards in California
Overview of the ARkStorm scenario
The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to
100-Year flood–it's all about chance
Science
Did we start the fire? Climate, Fire and Humans
USGS Snow and Avalanche Project
Tsunami and Earthquake Research
Atmospheric Warming, Loss of Snow Cover, and Declining Colorado River Flow
Using Drone Imagery to Assess Impacts of the 2018 Carr Fire
Multimedia
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
News
Maps and Imagery for Hurricane Response
Determining how high floodwaters reached helps communities prepare for future floods
Drought Conditions Continue in Parts of New England
USGS integrated drought science
Identifying and preserving high-water mark data
Community exposure to tsunami hazards in California
Overview of the ARkStorm scenario
The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to
100-Year flood–it's all about chance
Tsunami hazards— A national threat
Local tsunami hazards in the Pacific Northwest from Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes
No abstract available.
Helping coastal communities at risk from tsunamis: the role of U.S. Geological Survey research
Surviving a tsunami: lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan
Did we start the fire? Climate, Fire and Humans
USGS Snow and Avalanche Project
Tsunami and Earthquake Research
Atmospheric Warming, Loss of Snow Cover, and Declining Colorado River Flow
Using Drone Imagery to Assess Impacts of the 2018 Carr Fire
USGS Flood Information
Flood Inundation Mapping (FIM) Program
Storm-Tide Monitoring
Tsunamis and Tsunami Hazards
The 100-Year Flood
Post-Fire Flooding and Debris Flow
National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards
WaterAlert
The U.S. Geological Survey WaterAlert service provides notifications to your email or phone for changes in water conditions based on thresholds you choose.
Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has partnered with North Carolina State University (NCSU), Louisiana State University (LSU) and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to investigate hurricane-induced compound flooding and sediment dispersal using coupled hydrology and ocean models.
Colorado River Basin Projects
The Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology Team has created an interactive map of USGS projects to highlight the integrated science currently conducted within the Colorado River Basin. These projects are not all inclusive of the work conducted by the USGS within the CRB, but highlight the broad range of integrated science currently conducted.
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
The National Water Dashboard (NWD) is a mobile, interactive tool that provides real-time information on water levels, weather, and flood forecasts - all in one place on a computer, smartphone, or other mobile device. The NWD presents real-time stream, lake and reservoir, precipitation, and groundwater data from more than 13,500 USGS observation stations across the country.
From Snow to Flow (data visualization story)
A majority of the water in the western U.S. comes from snowmelt, but changes in the timing, magnitude, and duration of snowmelt can alter water availability downstream. This data visualization story explores what changing snowmelt means for water in the West, and how new USGS efforts can advance snow science by modeling snowpack and snowmelt dynamics and linking these results to streamflow.
How Wildfires Threaten U.S. Water Supplies
The 2020 fire season provided stark evidence that wildfires are changing the landscape of America. But when a forest burns, the impacts on water supply and quality last long after the flames go out. Learn more about how wildfires threaten U.S. water supplies – and what we can do to adapt to the complex impacts of hotter and bigger fires.
Real-Time Forecasts of Coastal Change
U.S. Geological Survey researchers develop tools to forecast coastal change hazards. This geonarrative features research and tools developed to forecast real-time coastal change.
USGS Wildland Fire Science: an Overview
This is a Story Map that provides a broad overview of the research performed at USGS that is relevant to the field of wildland fire science.
Total Water Level and Coastal Change Forecast Viewer
Total water level (TWL) at the shoreline is the combination of tides, surge, and wave runup. A forecast of TWL is an estimate of the elevation where the ocean will meet the coast and can provide guidance on potential coastal erosion and flooding hazards.
StreamStats
StreamStats is a Web application that incorporates a Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide users with access to an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for a variety of water-resources planning and management purposes, and for engineering and design purposes.
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
USGS Storm Tide Sensors are specialized scientific instruments used to measure the depth and duration of storm surge during coastal storms. The data these sensors collect before, during and after a storm will help public officials assess storm damage, and improve computer models used to forecast storm surge and coastal change.
USGS Storm Tide Sensors are specialized scientific instruments used to measure the depth and duration of storm surge during coastal storms. The data these sensors collect before, during and after a storm will help public officials assess storm damage, and improve computer models used to forecast storm surge and coastal change.
Partners discuss seasonal drought experiments.
Partners discuss seasonal drought experiments.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
USGS scientist Steve Hannes marks high water marks along the Colorado River after flooding from Harvey in Matagorda County, Texas.
USGS scientist Steve Hannes marks high water marks along the Colorado River after flooding from Harvey in Matagorda County, Texas.
USGS employee Aaron Walsh performing wire weight measurement in record flood at gage 7018500 Big River at Byrnesville, MO
USGS employee Aaron Walsh performing wire weight measurement in record flood at gage 7018500 Big River at Byrnesville, MO
The June 2016 Fish Fire burned over 12 km^2 in Los Angeles County, California. After the fire, the USGS installed an automated rain-triggered camera to monitor post-wildfire flooding and debris flow in a small canyon above the Las Lomas debris basin in Duarte. This GIF shows part of the peak flow triggered by an intense rainstorm on January 20, 2017.
The June 2016 Fish Fire burned over 12 km^2 in Los Angeles County, California. After the fire, the USGS installed an automated rain-triggered camera to monitor post-wildfire flooding and debris flow in a small canyon above the Las Lomas debris basin in Duarte. This GIF shows part of the peak flow triggered by an intense rainstorm on January 20, 2017.
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
As part of the assessment of the binational San Pedro aquifer, the effects of urbanization on runoff in ephemeral streams was studied. Ephemeral streams are those that flow in response to precipitation. Runoff in tributaries to the San Pedro River is important in understanding the water budget of the river.
As part of the assessment of the binational San Pedro aquifer, the effects of urbanization on runoff in ephemeral streams was studied. Ephemeral streams are those that flow in response to precipitation. Runoff in tributaries to the San Pedro River is important in understanding the water budget of the river.
Satellite image of Hurricane Florence after making landfall in North Carolina. NOAA image.
Satellite image of Hurricane Florence after making landfall in North Carolina. NOAA image.
What are tsunamis?
Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by: Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean Volcanic eruptions Submarine landslides Onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water Scientists do not use the term "tidal wave" because these waves are not caused by tides. Tsunami waves are unlike typical ocean waves generated by wind and storms, and most tsunamis do not "break"...
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
How are floods predicted?
Flood predictions require several types of data: The amount of rainfall occurring on a real-time basis. The rate of change in river stage on a real-time basis, which can help indicate the severity and immediacy of the threat. Knowledge about the type of storm producing the moisture, such as duration, intensity and areal extent, which can be valuable for determining possible severity of the...
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
What is the role of the USGS in responding to hurricanes?
The USGS creates detailed maps of our Nation’s shorelines, dunes, and coastal cliffs, and studies how storm processes impact our coastlines. This information is used to predict and map coastal vulnerability to changes caused by major storms, long-term shoreline erosion, sea-level rise, and sea cliff erosion. One example is the USGS Total Water Level and Coastal Change Forecast Viewer , which uses...
How can a 1,000-year rainfall not result in a 1,000-year flood?
It comes down to a number of factors, including the pattern of movement of the rainstorm in each particular watershed, the conditions of the soil and plant matter in the watershed, and the timing of the rainstorm in one watershed versus other watersheds. For example, if the ground is already saturated before a rainstorm, much of the rain will run off into streams, but if the ground is dry, it will...
We had a "100-year flood" two years in a row. How can that be?
The term "100-year flood" is used to describe the recurrence interval of floods. The 100-year recurrence interval means that a flood of that magnitude has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year. In other words, the chances that a river will flow as high as the 100-year flood stage this year is 1 in 100. Statistically, each year begins with the same 1-percent chance that a 100-year...
What are the two types of floods?
There are two basic types of floods: flash floods and the more widespread river floods. Flash floods generally cause greater loss of life and river floods generally cause greater loss of property. A flash flood occurs when runoff from excessive rainfall causes a rapid rise in the water height (stage) of a stream or normally-dry channel. Flash floods are more common in areas with a dry climate and...
Can a drought be relieved by bringing in water from other regions of the country that have excess water?
Any large-scale projects for mitigating drought in the U.S. would fall under the direction of the Bureau of Reclamation , which is the federal agency tasked with water management. While technically feasible, transporting surface water from flood areas (or the ocean) to drought areas faces many challenges including water rights, property rights, environmental impacts, and more. Then there's the...
What should I know about wildfires and debris flows?
Wildland fires are inevitable in the western United States. Expansion of human development into forested areas has created a situation where wildfires can adversely affect lives and property, as can the flooding and landslides that occur in the aftermath of the fires. There is a need to develop tools and methods to identify and quantify the potential hazards posed by landslides produced from...
Could a large tsunami happen in the United States?
Large tsunamis have occurred in the United States and will undoubtedly occur again. Significant earthquakes around the Pacific rim have generated tsunamis that struck Hawaii, Alaska, and the U.S. west coast. One of the largest and most devastating tsunamis that Hawaii has experienced was in 1946 from an earthquake along the Aleutian subduction zone. Runup heights reached a maximum of 33 to 55 feet...
What is a landslide and what causes one?
A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. These are further subdivided by the type of geologic material...
Water is essential for all life on Earth, but too much water – or too little – can cause big problems. The USGS studies a wide range of water-related hazards, from large storms and flooding to drought and post-wildfire runoff, and helps communities plan for and respond to water-related emergencies.
From Snow to Flow: What Changing Snowmelt Means for Water in the Western U.S.
A majority of the water in the western U.S. comes from snowmelt, but changes in the timing, magnitude, and duration of snowmelt can alter water availability downstream. See what changing snowmelt means for water in the West, and how new USGS efforts can advance snow science.
Examples of USGS Water and Extreme Weather Science
Water covers roughly 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and is the single most powerful driver for changing the landscape of the planet. Regardless of where in the water cycle the element sits, water and extreme weather can be disastrous. Intense storms can trigger landslides, flood low-lying areas, or create fast-moving rivers that can wipe out bridges and buildings. Extreme drought can lead to wildfires, poor water quality, and water scarcity. Climate change is affecting precipitation patterns and increasing weather extremes. By monitoring and studying water and extreme weather, we can improve our ability to protect lives, property, and natural resources when emergencies happen.
Innovative Solutions for Challenging Hazards
Water-related hazards can happen anywhere, but it’s impossible to collect on-the-ground data everywhere. Using new technologies like remote sensing, drones, artificial intelligence, and non-contact streamgages, we can keep the data flowing in previously unmonitored locations – and where it's too dangerous for people to go.
Hazards can often have complex and interrelated relationships – an earthquake can cause a tsunami, which in turn can cause inland flooding. An atmospheric river over a drought-stricken region can cause severe flooding, erosion, and mudslides. Because the USGS studies such a wide variety of hazards, our scientists can collaborate to study how multiple hazards interact, which can improve our ability to forecast and respond to multi-hazard events.
National Research Supports Local Response
As a federal science agency, the USGS is uniquely positioned to study water hazards that cross multiple states and regions. We can model water availability and stream statistics across the entire Nation. We can forecast coastal erosion along the entire East Coast. We can monitor flooding as hurricanes track from the Gulf Coast into inland states. We can transfer staff and equipment from one region to another when disaster strikes. We can use what we learn in one area of the country to help inform another. And all of our science and data is available to any local community or individual who needs it.
When it comes to water and extreme weather hazards, the USGS doesn't work alone – we support many federal, state, and local partners by providing real-time data and scientific expertise, deploying specialized instrumentation, and helping understand causes and effects once the event is over. Collaboration is crucial for responding to widespread threats like flooding, fires, and drought.
Publications
USGS integrated drought science
Identifying and preserving high-water mark data
Community exposure to tsunami hazards in California
Overview of the ARkStorm scenario
The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to
100-Year flood–it's all about chance
Science
Did we start the fire? Climate, Fire and Humans
USGS Snow and Avalanche Project
Tsunami and Earthquake Research
Atmospheric Warming, Loss of Snow Cover, and Declining Colorado River Flow
Using Drone Imagery to Assess Impacts of the 2018 Carr Fire
Multimedia
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
News
Maps and Imagery for Hurricane Response
Determining how high floodwaters reached helps communities prepare for future floods
Drought Conditions Continue in Parts of New England
USGS integrated drought science
Identifying and preserving high-water mark data
Community exposure to tsunami hazards in California
Overview of the ARkStorm scenario
The U.S. Geological Survey, Multi Hazards Demonstration Project (MHDP) uses hazards science to improve resiliency of communities to natural disasters including earthquakes, tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, floods and coastal erosion. The project engages emergency planners, businesses, universities, government agencies, and others in preparing for major natural disasters. The project also helps to
100-Year flood–it's all about chance
Tsunami hazards— A national threat
Local tsunami hazards in the Pacific Northwest from Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes
No abstract available.
Helping coastal communities at risk from tsunamis: the role of U.S. Geological Survey research
Surviving a tsunami: lessons from Chile, Hawaii, and Japan
Did we start the fire? Climate, Fire and Humans
USGS Snow and Avalanche Project
Tsunami and Earthquake Research
Atmospheric Warming, Loss of Snow Cover, and Declining Colorado River Flow
Using Drone Imagery to Assess Impacts of the 2018 Carr Fire
USGS Flood Information
Flood Inundation Mapping (FIM) Program
Storm-Tide Monitoring
Tsunamis and Tsunami Hazards
The 100-Year Flood
Post-Fire Flooding and Debris Flow
National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards
WaterAlert
The U.S. Geological Survey WaterAlert service provides notifications to your email or phone for changes in water conditions based on thresholds you choose.
Hurricane Florence Numerical Modeling
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has partnered with North Carolina State University (NCSU), Louisiana State University (LSU) and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) to investigate hurricane-induced compound flooding and sediment dispersal using coupled hydrology and ocean models.
Colorado River Basin Projects
The Colorado River Basin Actionable and Strategic Integrated Science and Technology Team has created an interactive map of USGS projects to highlight the integrated science currently conducted within the Colorado River Basin. These projects are not all inclusive of the work conducted by the USGS within the CRB, but highlight the broad range of integrated science currently conducted.
National Water Dashboard (NWD)
The National Water Dashboard (NWD) is a mobile, interactive tool that provides real-time information on water levels, weather, and flood forecasts - all in one place on a computer, smartphone, or other mobile device. The NWD presents real-time stream, lake and reservoir, precipitation, and groundwater data from more than 13,500 USGS observation stations across the country.
From Snow to Flow (data visualization story)
A majority of the water in the western U.S. comes from snowmelt, but changes in the timing, magnitude, and duration of snowmelt can alter water availability downstream. This data visualization story explores what changing snowmelt means for water in the West, and how new USGS efforts can advance snow science by modeling snowpack and snowmelt dynamics and linking these results to streamflow.
How Wildfires Threaten U.S. Water Supplies
The 2020 fire season provided stark evidence that wildfires are changing the landscape of America. But when a forest burns, the impacts on water supply and quality last long after the flames go out. Learn more about how wildfires threaten U.S. water supplies – and what we can do to adapt to the complex impacts of hotter and bigger fires.
Real-Time Forecasts of Coastal Change
U.S. Geological Survey researchers develop tools to forecast coastal change hazards. This geonarrative features research and tools developed to forecast real-time coastal change.
USGS Wildland Fire Science: an Overview
This is a Story Map that provides a broad overview of the research performed at USGS that is relevant to the field of wildland fire science.
Total Water Level and Coastal Change Forecast Viewer
Total water level (TWL) at the shoreline is the combination of tides, surge, and wave runup. A forecast of TWL is an estimate of the elevation where the ocean will meet the coast and can provide guidance on potential coastal erosion and flooding hazards.
StreamStats
StreamStats is a Web application that incorporates a Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide users with access to an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for a variety of water-resources planning and management purposes, and for engineering and design purposes.
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
These Landsat images show the lake at record high levels in 1986 and at a historic low elevation on July 3, 2022.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
Timelapse of webcam images taken at USGS streamgage 05430500 Rock River at Afton, WI during January 2022. Current webcam imagery for this site is available on the USGS HIVIS website.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
The 2021 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most-active season on record. The USGS deployed crews and scientists across the country to provide science and resources to emergency managers.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
This year is the 150th Anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s expedition to explore the Colorado River, a 1,450-mile long waterway that runs through the Western United States and into Mexico.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Landsat images from March of 2018 and March of 2019 show a stretch of the Missouri, Platte, and Elkhorn rivers in a full scene that stretches from just north of Sioux City, IA, to south of Omaha, NE. The first image shows the rivers at normal levels.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
Hurricane Ida made landfall as a Category 4 hurricane in Louisiana, and brought widespread precipitation and flooding along its path and up the northeastern coast of U.S. in the following week.
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
$71-$246 BILLION
Net annual economic impact of wildland fire across the U.S.1
650 MILLION
Acres of public lands that are managed for wildland fire.2
16.1 FATALITIES
Average annual fatalities from wildland fire.3
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Examples of different type of high-water marks (HWMs) that have the potential to be identified within high-resolution orthophotographs collected using unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). Panel (A) shows a wash line formed when material is washed down the bank and/or laid over, panel (B) show a mud line depostied by the flood, panel (C) shows a debris line depost
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
Use of thermal imaging helps researchers to understand the relationship of fuels and fire effects, Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico, 2019.
USGS Storm Tide Sensors are specialized scientific instruments used to measure the depth and duration of storm surge during coastal storms. The data these sensors collect before, during and after a storm will help public officials assess storm damage, and improve computer models used to forecast storm surge and coastal change.
USGS Storm Tide Sensors are specialized scientific instruments used to measure the depth and duration of storm surge during coastal storms. The data these sensors collect before, during and after a storm will help public officials assess storm damage, and improve computer models used to forecast storm surge and coastal change.
Partners discuss seasonal drought experiments.
Partners discuss seasonal drought experiments.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
Before a hurricane, USGS Scientists undertake a data collection effort of a grand scale. They install a temporary mobile network of sensors along the coasts to collect additional data on the intensity of storm surge, one of the most dangerous elements of a hurricane.
USGS scientist Steve Hannes marks high water marks along the Colorado River after flooding from Harvey in Matagorda County, Texas.
USGS scientist Steve Hannes marks high water marks along the Colorado River after flooding from Harvey in Matagorda County, Texas.
USGS employee Aaron Walsh performing wire weight measurement in record flood at gage 7018500 Big River at Byrnesville, MO
USGS employee Aaron Walsh performing wire weight measurement in record flood at gage 7018500 Big River at Byrnesville, MO
The June 2016 Fish Fire burned over 12 km^2 in Los Angeles County, California. After the fire, the USGS installed an automated rain-triggered camera to monitor post-wildfire flooding and debris flow in a small canyon above the Las Lomas debris basin in Duarte. This GIF shows part of the peak flow triggered by an intense rainstorm on January 20, 2017.
The June 2016 Fish Fire burned over 12 km^2 in Los Angeles County, California. After the fire, the USGS installed an automated rain-triggered camera to monitor post-wildfire flooding and debris flow in a small canyon above the Las Lomas debris basin in Duarte. This GIF shows part of the peak flow triggered by an intense rainstorm on January 20, 2017.
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
Storm surge sensor installation prior to Hurricane Irene landfall
As part of the assessment of the binational San Pedro aquifer, the effects of urbanization on runoff in ephemeral streams was studied. Ephemeral streams are those that flow in response to precipitation. Runoff in tributaries to the San Pedro River is important in understanding the water budget of the river.
As part of the assessment of the binational San Pedro aquifer, the effects of urbanization on runoff in ephemeral streams was studied. Ephemeral streams are those that flow in response to precipitation. Runoff in tributaries to the San Pedro River is important in understanding the water budget of the river.
Satellite image of Hurricane Florence after making landfall in North Carolina. NOAA image.
Satellite image of Hurricane Florence after making landfall in North Carolina. NOAA image.
What are tsunamis?
Tsunamis are ocean waves triggered by: Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean Volcanic eruptions Submarine landslides Onshore landslides in which large volumes of debris fall into the water Scientists do not use the term "tidal wave" because these waves are not caused by tides. Tsunami waves are unlike typical ocean waves generated by wind and storms, and most tsunamis do not "break"...
When does a drought begin and end?
The beginning of a drought is difficult to determine. Several weeks, months, or even years might pass before people know that a drought is occurring. The end of a drought can occur as gradually as it began. The first evidence of drought is usually seen in records of rainfall. Within a short period of time, the amount of moisture in soils can begin to decrease. The effects of a drought on flow in...
How are floods predicted?
Flood predictions require several types of data: The amount of rainfall occurring on a real-time basis. The rate of change in river stage on a real-time basis, which can help indicate the severity and immediacy of the threat. Knowledge about the type of storm producing the moisture, such as duration, intensity and areal extent, which can be valuable for determining possible severity of the...
Why doesn't a drought end when it rains?
Rainfall in any form will provide some drought relief. A good analogy might be how medicine and illness relate to each other. A single dose of medicine can alleviate symptoms of illness, but it usually takes a sustained program of medication to cure an illness. Likewise, a single rainstorm will not break the drought, but it might provide temporary relief. A light to moderate shower will probably...
What is the role of the USGS in responding to hurricanes?
The USGS creates detailed maps of our Nation’s shorelines, dunes, and coastal cliffs, and studies how storm processes impact our coastlines. This information is used to predict and map coastal vulnerability to changes caused by major storms, long-term shoreline erosion, sea-level rise, and sea cliff erosion. One example is the USGS Total Water Level and Coastal Change Forecast Viewer , which uses...
How can a 1,000-year rainfall not result in a 1,000-year flood?
It comes down to a number of factors, including the pattern of movement of the rainstorm in each particular watershed, the conditions of the soil and plant matter in the watershed, and the timing of the rainstorm in one watershed versus other watersheds. For example, if the ground is already saturated before a rainstorm, much of the rain will run off into streams, but if the ground is dry, it will...
We had a "100-year flood" two years in a row. How can that be?
The term "100-year flood" is used to describe the recurrence interval of floods. The 100-year recurrence interval means that a flood of that magnitude has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year. In other words, the chances that a river will flow as high as the 100-year flood stage this year is 1 in 100. Statistically, each year begins with the same 1-percent chance that a 100-year...
What are the two types of floods?
There are two basic types of floods: flash floods and the more widespread river floods. Flash floods generally cause greater loss of life and river floods generally cause greater loss of property. A flash flood occurs when runoff from excessive rainfall causes a rapid rise in the water height (stage) of a stream or normally-dry channel. Flash floods are more common in areas with a dry climate and...
Can a drought be relieved by bringing in water from other regions of the country that have excess water?
Any large-scale projects for mitigating drought in the U.S. would fall under the direction of the Bureau of Reclamation , which is the federal agency tasked with water management. While technically feasible, transporting surface water from flood areas (or the ocean) to drought areas faces many challenges including water rights, property rights, environmental impacts, and more. Then there's the...
What should I know about wildfires and debris flows?
Wildland fires are inevitable in the western United States. Expansion of human development into forested areas has created a situation where wildfires can adversely affect lives and property, as can the flooding and landslides that occur in the aftermath of the fires. There is a need to develop tools and methods to identify and quantify the potential hazards posed by landslides produced from...
Could a large tsunami happen in the United States?
Large tsunamis have occurred in the United States and will undoubtedly occur again. Significant earthquakes around the Pacific rim have generated tsunamis that struck Hawaii, Alaska, and the U.S. west coast. One of the largest and most devastating tsunamis that Hawaii has experienced was in 1946 from an earthquake along the Aleutian subduction zone. Runup heights reached a maximum of 33 to 55 feet...
What is a landslide and what causes one?
A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. These are further subdivided by the type of geologic material...