U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Monitoring on Long Island, New York
Groundwater is the sole source of water supply for more than 3 million people on Long Island, New York. Large-scale groundwater pumpage, installation of sanitary- and storm-sewer systems, and frequent variations in precipitation all have significant effects on regional groundwater levels and aquifer storage. In order to properly manage this resource, there needs to be a consistent dataset of hydrologic data available for water managers and scientist to use to assess long- and short-term changes within the aquifer system that can detrimentally affect this vital resource.
U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Monitoring on Long Island, New York
The USGS has operated a groundwater-monitoring network on Long Island – Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties – since the early 1900’s. This network provides a consistent, long-term, region-wide hydrologic data-set for scientists to use to properly evaluate and manage the region’s water resources and environmentally sensitive habitats, and for engineers to assess local conditions in support of urban-development and resiliency projects.
The extent and data-collection frequency of this program varies throughout the region from (1) annual-synoptic, which provides data needed for baseline statistical studies and groundwater-model calibration; (2) monthly, which in addition to the above, provides data needed for water-availability and saltwater-intrusion studies, groundwater/surface-water-interaction studies, seasonal-trend analysis, climate change and sea-level rise analysis, and drought and flood monitoring; and (3) continuous recording or real time, which provides additional data needed for short-term trend analysis, recharge and tidal-variation studies, local groundwater-withdrawal monitoring, and real-time drought and flood monitoring.
The current groundwater-monitoring network encompasses data collection from approximately 550 groundwater-monitoring wells throughout Long Island (fig. 1). Data from this network are collected in varying frequencies to supply our cooperators, stakeholders, and the public with mission-critical information on aquifer health.
Project Data
The USGS collects groundwater data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for water-resource management, engineering projects, and regulatory programs throughout the region. All project data are served online through the USGS National Water Information System: Web Interface (NWISWeb) and other online systems, where data or hydrographs from monitoring stations can be displayed or downloaded as needed.
Groundwater Data for Long Island
- Suffolk County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Nassau County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Queens County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Kings County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Historical Groundwater Wells – Interactive Maps (Kings) (Queens) (Nassau) (Suffolk)
- Wetlands-Monitoring Station at Laurel, NY
Water-Level Maps and Hydrogeologic Information for Long Island
- Groundwater Conditions on Long Island, New York in 2016 – Interactive Map Viewer (coming soon)
- Depth to Water on Long Island, New York in 2016 – Interactive Map Viewer (coming soon)
- Groundwater Conditions on Long Island, New York in 2013 – Interactive Map Viewer
- Depth to Water on Long Island, New York in 2013 – Interactive Map Viewer
- State of the Long Island Aquifer System – Information Related to the Island’s Water Supply
- Long Island Hydrogeologic Framework
New York State, Regional, and National Groundwater Data
- USGS Groundwater Information
- National Water Information System Mapper
- Real-Time Groundwater-Data Table for New York
- Groundwater Watch Real-Time Groundwater Level Network for New York
- Groundwater Watch Active Water Level Network for New York
- Groundwater Watch Climate Response Network for New York
- USGS Groundwater Watch Homepage
- USGS WaterAlert – Data to your mobile phone or email using user-definable thresholds
- USGS WaterNow – Current-conditions data directly to your mobile phone or email
- Monthly Hydrologic Conditions for New York
- Drought Information for New York
- Flood Information for New York
- Water-Use Information for New York
- Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey
Related Studies and Other Information
In addition to basic hydrologic-data collection, the USGS conducts hydrologic studies that address a wide variety of water-resources issues, including water supply, contamination, nutrient loading, effects of land use on water quality and quantity, and other basic hydrologic research. A list of some related USGS studies and other useful information can be found below.
Local and Regional Studies
- Assessing Occurrence and Persistence of Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater
- Assessment of Groundwater Resources to Adapt to Climate Change at Fire Island, New York
- Comprehensive Delineation of Groundwater Source Areas and Times-of-Travel to Long Island Streams and Estuaries
- Comprehensive Water Resources Monitoring Program for the Central Pine Barrens Region, Suffolk County, New York - (Supplemental Webpage)
- Delineation of the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface at Selected Public-Supply Wells Using Advanced Surface and Borehole Geophysical Techniques, in Eastern Suffolk County, New York
- Delineation of the Saltwater-Freshwater Interface at Selected Well Locations in the Town of Riverhead
- Development of a Ground-Water Flow Model for the Manhasset Neck Peninsula
- Documenting Hydrogeologic Information Obtained from Deep-Borehole Drilling in Suffolk County
- Federal-State Groundwater Monitoring Network in New York
- Geospatial Dataset of Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013
- Glacial Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study
- Groundwater Availability of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain
- Groundwater Sustainability of the Long Island Aquifer System – (Supplemental Webpage)
- Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the North Shore Aquifer in Locust Valley
- Hydrologic Assessment of the Shallow Groundwater-Flow System Beneath the Shinnecock Nation Tribal Lands
- Hydrologic-Data Collection in the Five Boroughs of New York City
- Long Island State of the Aquifer Report – (Supplemental Webpage)
- Nassau Hydrogeologic Maps
- New York Water Science Center Data Program
- New York Water Use Project
- Sentinel Monitoring for New and Legacy Pesticides in the Shallow Groundwater of Long Island
- Shallow Groundwater Quality in the Patchogue River Basin
- Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Chemistry to Evaluate Water-Management Alternatives in Kings and Queens Counties
- Simulation of the Shallow Ground-Water Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore
- Simulation of Zones of Groundwater Contribution to Three Well Fields Southwest Portion of the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage
- Technical Pump-Test Evaluation of Suffolk County Aquifers
Educational and General Information
- The Water Cycle
- What is Groundwater?
- Ground Water Atlas of the United States
- Aquifers and Groundwater
- Map of the Principal Aquifers of the United States
- Groundwater Storage
- Groundwater Recharge
- Drought and Overpumping and Groundwater Decline
- Groundwater Wells
- Rivers Contain Groundwater
- Questions and Answers about Floods
- Questions and Answers about Droughts
- How Do Hydrologists Locate Groundwater?
- What is Hydrology and What do Hydrologists Do?
- Day in the Life of a USGS Water Scientist
- Geophysical Methods & Applications
- Groundwater Model Development
- USGS Groundwater Videos
Publications and Studies
The USGS publishes water-information reports on many topics and in many formats such as scientific and technical articles and reports, fact sheets, pamphlets, and posters resulting from the research performed by our scientists and partners. A list of selected publications related to the USGS Long Island groundwater-monitoring program can be found below.
Water-Level and Potentiometric-Surface Maps and Publications (listed by year of release).
Burr, W.H., Hering, Rudolph, and Freeman, J.R., 1904, Report of the commission on additional water supply for the City of New York: New York, Martin B Brown, 980 p.
Veatch, A.C., Slichter, C.S., Bowman, Isaiah, Crosby, W.O., and Horton, R.E., 1906, Underground water resources of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 44, 394 p.
Veatch, A.C., 1906, Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 155, 83 p.
Spear, W.E., 1912, Long Island sources--an additional supply of water for the City of New York: New York City Board of Water Supply, 708 p.
Suter, Russell, 1937, Engineering report on the water supplies of Long Island: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-2, 64 p.
Jacob, C.E., 1945, The water table in the western and central parts of Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-12, 24 p.
Brashears, M.L., Jr., 1950, The piezometric surface of the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation, Long Island, New York, in 1947: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-58, 3 pls.
Lusczynski, N.J., 1950, Piezometric levels from 1948 through 1950 for wells screened in the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-84, 10 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Johnson, A.H., 1951, The water table in Long Island, New York, in January 1951: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-27, 28 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Hoffman, J.F., 1951, The water table as of April 1950 in Southold Township, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-135, 4 p.
Lusczynski, N.J., 1952, The recovery of ground-water levels in Brooklyn, New York, from 1947 to 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 167, 29 p.
Wistoff, L.R., Barnell, R.L., and Crandell, H.G., 1960, Ground-water levels in Long Island, New York, in 1956 and 1957: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-157, 75 p.
Barnell, R.L. and DeLuca, F.A., 1961, Ground-water levels in Long Island, New York, 1958-59: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-18, 66 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and Soren, Julian, 1962, Effects of major water-table changes in Kings and Queens Counties, New York City: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-E, article 219, p. E136-E139.
Kimmel, G.E., 1971, Water-level surfaces in the aquifers of western Long Island, New York, in 1959 and 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750-B, p. B224-B228.
Kimmel, G.E., 1971, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1970: Suffolk County Department Environmental Control, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-2, 8 p.
Kimmel, G.E., 1973, Change in potentiometric head in the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 1, no. 3, p. 345-350.
Koch, Ellis, and Koszalka, E.J., 1973, Potentiometric surface of the lower part of the Magothy aquifer in March 1972, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-147, 1 map.
Koszalka, E.J. and Koch, Ellis, 1974, Water table on Long Island, New York, March 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1 map.
Koszalka, E.J., 1975, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1974: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-5, 7 p.
Rich, C.A., Prince, K.R., and Spinello, A.G., 1975, Potentiometric surface of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York, in January 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 12 p.
Prince, K.R., 1976, The potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-536, 12 p.
Vaupel, D.E., Prince, K.R., Koehler, A.J., and Runco, Mario, 1977, Potentiometric surfaces of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers and selected streamflow statistics, 1943-72, on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-528, 18 p.
Nakao, J.H. and Erlichman, F.R., 1978, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-569, 10 p.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Water table on Long Island, New York, March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-163, 2 sheets.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer, Long Island, New York in March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-160, 2 sheets.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Potentiometric surface of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York, in January 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-162, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Smolensky, D.A., 1983, Potentiometric surfaces on Long Island, New York -- A bibliography of maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-70, 31 p.
Doriski, T.P., 1986, Potentiometric-surface altitude of major aquifers on Long Island, New York, in 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4321, 8 plates.
Doriski, T.P., 1987, Potentiometric-surface of the water-table, Magothy and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4189, 4 plates, scale 1:125,000.
Simmons, D.L., 1989, Depth to the water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4151, 2 sheets.
Busciolano, Ronald, Monti, Jack, Jr., and Chu, Anthony, 1998, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 1997, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4019, 17 p., 3 pls., 6 sheets.
Busciolano, Ronald, 2002, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 2000, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4165,17 p., 6 sheets.
Monti, Jack, Jr. and Busciolano, Ronald, 2009, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3066, 4 sheets.
Monti, Jack, Jr, Como, Michael, and Busciolano, Ronald, 2013, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, April-May 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3270, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000.
Como, M.D., Noll, M.L, Finkelstein, J.S., Monti, Jack, Jr., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2015, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3326, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000, 6 p.
Como, M.D., Finkelstein, J.S., Rivera, S.L., Monti, Jack, Jr., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2018, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April–May 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3398, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000, 5-p. pamphlet.
Hydrogeologic-Assessment and Saltwater-Encroachment Publications
Barlow, Paul M., 2003, Ground Water in Freshwater-Saltwater Environments of the Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1262, 121 p.
Buxton, H.T., Soren, Julian, Posner, Alex, and Shernoff, P.K., 1981, Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1186, 59 p.
Chu, Anthony, 2006, Hydrogeology of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York -- A brief summary of USGS investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1341, 12 p.
Crandell, H.C., Jr., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of the Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-GG, p. GG1-GG36.
de Laguna, Wallace, and Brashears, M.L., Jr., 1948, The configuration of the rock floor in western Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-13, 32 p.
de Laguna, Wallace, 1963, Geology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-A, 35 p.
Doriski, T.P. and Wilde-Katz, Franceska, 1983, Geology of the "20-foot" clay and Gardiners Clay in southern Nassau and southwestern Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4056, 17 p., 8 pls.
Fuller, M.L., 1914, The geology of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 82, 221 p.
Garber, M.S., 1986, Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4159, 36 p.
Hoffman, J.F., 1961, Hydrology of the shallow ground-water reservoir of the Town of Southold, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin GW-45, 49 p.
Isbister, John, 1966, Geology and hydrology of northeastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1825, 89 p.
Jensen, H.M. and Soren, Julian, 1974, Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-501, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Kilburn, Chabot, 1979, Hydrogeology of the Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, Long Island, New York: Nassau County Department of Public Works, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-12, 87 p.
Kilburn, Chabot and Krulikas, Richard K., 1987, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, in 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4051, 61 p., 6 pls.
Koszalka, E.J., 1980, Hydrogeologic data from the northern part of the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-15, 80 p.
Krulikas, R.K. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Geologic reconnaissance of an extensive clay unit in north-central Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4075, 9 p., 1 pl.
Krulikas, R.K., Koszalka, E.J., and Doriski, T.P., 1983, Altitude of the top of the Matawan Group-Magothy formation, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-137, 1 pl.
Krulikas, R.K., 1987 (rev. 1989), Hydrogeology of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4288, 16 p., 6 pls.
Lubke, E.R., 1964, Hydrogeology of the Huntington-Smithtown area, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1669-D, p. D1-D68.
Masterson, J.P.; Pope, J.P.; Monti, Jack, Jr.; Nardi, M.R.; Finkelstein, J.S.; McCoy, K.J., 2015, Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (version 1.1, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5133, 76 p.
McNew-Cartwright, E.R., 1996, Hydrogeologic data from an investigation of water resources near Greenport, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-427, 41 p.
Nemickas, Bronius, Koszalka, E.J., and Vaupel, D.E., 1977, Hydrogeologic data from investigation of water resources of the South Fork, Suffolk County, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-7, 31 p.
Nemickas, Bronius; Koszalka, Edward J., 1982, Geohydrologic appraisal of water resources of the South Fork, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2073, 55 p.
Noll, M.L., Rivera, S.L., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2016, Hydrologic assessment of the shallow groundwater flow system beneath the Shinnecock Nation Tribal Lands, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5110, 44 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and Geraghty, J.J., 1963, Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-A, 205 p.
Pluhowski, E.J. and Kantrowitz, I.H., 1964, Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1768, 119 p.
Prince, K.R., 1986, Ground-water assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4013, 103 p., 2 pls.
Sanford, Homer, 1938, Report on the geology and hydrology of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-7, 68 p.
Schubert, C.E., Bova, R.G., and Misut, P.E., 2004, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Fork and surrounding areas, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4284, 23 p., 4 plates, scale 1:24,000.
Scorca, M.P., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1995, Selected hydrogeologic and water-quality data from Jones Beach Island, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4171, 21 p.
Simmons, D.L., 1986, Geohydrology and ground-water quality on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4165, 39 p.
Soren, Julian, 1971, Ground-water and geohydrologic conditions in Queens County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2001-A, p. A1-A39.
Soren, Julian, 1971, Results of subsurface exploration in the Mid-Island area of western Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-1, 60 p., 6 plates.
Soren, Julian, 1978, Hydrogeologic conditions in the town of Shelter Island, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-77, 22 p.
Soren, Julian, 1978, Subsurface geology and paleogeography of Queens County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 77-34, 17 p.
Soren, Julian and Simmons, D.S., 1987, Thickness and hydrogeology of aquifers and confining units below the upper glacial aquifer on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4175, 3 sheets.
Stumm, Frederick, 2001, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion of the Great Neck Peninsula, Great Neck, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4280, 41 p.
Stumm, Frederick, Lange, A.D., and Candela, J.L., 2002, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion on Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4193, 42 p.
Stumm, Frederick, Lange, A.D., and Candela, J.L., 2004, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion in the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York: 1995-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4288, 55 p.
Smolensky, D.A., Buxton, H.T., and Shernoff, P.K., 1989, Hydrogeologic framework of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-709, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Suter, Russell, deLaguna, Wallace, and Perlmutter, N.M., 1949, Mapping of geologic formations and aquifers of Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-18, 212 p.
Swarzenski, W.V., 1963, Hydrogeology of northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1657, 90 p.
Upson, J.E., 1970, The Gardiners Clay of eastern Long Island, New York -- A reexamination, in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-B, p. B157-B160.
Veatch, A.C., 1906, Outlines of the geology of Long Island (New York): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 44, p. 15-85.
Warren, M.A., deLaguna, Wallace, and Lusczynski, N.J., 1968, Hydrology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-C, p. C1-C127.
Groundwater-Modeling and Water-Availability Publications
Buxton, H.T. and Shernoff, P.K., 1995, Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-76, 111 p.
Buxton, H.T. and Shernoff, P.K., 1999, Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2498, 113 p., 7 pls.
Buxton, H.T. and Smolensky, D.A., 1999, Simulation of the effects of development of the ground-water flow system of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4069, 57 p.
Cohen, Philip and Kimmel, G.E., 1971, Status of salt-water encroachment in 1969 in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-D, p. D281-D286.
Franke, O.L. and Cohen, Philip, 1972, Regional rates of ground-water movement on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 800-C, p. C271-C277.
Franke, O.L. and McClymonds, N.E., 1972, Summary of the hydrologic situation on Long Island, New York, as a guide to water-management alternatives: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-F, p. F1-F59.
Kimmel, G.E., Ku, H.F.H., Harbaugh, A.W., Sulam, D.J., and Getzen, R.T., 1977, Analog-model prediction of the hydrologic effects of sanitary sewerage in southeast Nassau and southwest Suffolk Counties, New York: Nassau County Department of Public Works, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-6, 25 p.
Kontis, A.L., 1999, Simulation of freshwater-saltwater interfaces in the Brooklyn-Queens aquifer system, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4067, 26 p.
Lusczynski, N.J., Geraghty, J.J., Asselstine, E.S., and Grossman, I.G., 1956, Saline waters in New York State, Long Island, Staten Island and Manhattan, and Upstate New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-36, 15 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Swarzenski, W.V., 1966, Salt-water encroachment in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-F, p. F1-F76.
Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S.,, 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5076, 70 p.
Misut, P.E. and Monti, Jack, Jr., 1999, Simulation of ground-water flow and pumpage in Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4071, 50 p.
Misut, P.E., Schubert, C.E., Bova, R.G., and Colabufo, S.R., 2004, Simulated Effects of Pumping and Drought on Ground-Water Levels and the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface on the North Fork of Long Island, New York U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4184, 58 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and DeLuca, F.A., 1963, Availability of fresh ground water, Montauk Point area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-B, p. B1-B39.
Schubert, C.E., 1998, Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, Eastern Suffolk County, New York U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4136, 36 p., 1 pl.
Terracciano, S.A., 1997, Position of the freshwater/saltwater interface in southeastern Queens and southwestern Nassau Counties, Long Island, New York, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-456, 17 p.
Other Groundwater Related Publications
Aronson, D.A. and Seaburn, G.E., 1974, Appraisal of the operating efficiency of recharge basins on Long Island, New York, in 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2001-D, p. D1-D22.
Aronson, D.A. and Prill, R.C., 1977, Analysis of the recharge potential of storm-water basins on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 5, no. 3, p.307-318.
Busciolano, Ronald, 2005, Statistical analysis of long-term hydrologic records for selection of drought-monitoring sites on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5152, 47 p., online only.
Buxton, H.T. and Reilly, T.E., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, Part 2, development and application of southwest Suffolk County model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4209, 39 p.
Cartwright, R.A., 2002, History and hydrologic effects of ground-water use in Kings, Queens, and western Nassau Counties, Long Island, New York, 1800's through 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4096. 79 p.
Clark, David W.; Briar, David W., 1993, What is ground water?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-643, 2 p.
Cohen, Philip, Franke, O.L., and Foxworthy, B.L., 1968, An atlas of Long Island's water resources: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin 62, 117 p.
Cohen, Philip, Franke, O.L., and McClymonds, N.E., 1969, Hydrologic effects of the 1962-66 drought on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1879-F, p. F1-F18.
Franke, O.L., 1968, Double-mass-curve analysis of the effects of sewering on ground-water levels on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600-B, p. B205-B209.
Garber, M.S. and Sulam, D.J., 1976, Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-290, 37 p.
Ku, H.F.H. and Aaronson, D.B., 1992, Rates of water movement through the floors of selected stormwater basins in Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4012, 121 p., 1 pl.
McClymonds, N.E. and Franke, O.L., 1972, Water-transmitting properties of aquifers on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-E, p. E1-E24.
Nemickas, Bronius, Mallard, G.E., and Reilly, T.E., 1989, Availability and historical development of ground-water resources on Long Island, New York -- An introduction: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4113, 43 p.
Peterson, D. S., 1987, Ground-water-recharge rates in Nassau and Suffolk counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4181, 19 p.
Reilly, T.E., Buxton, H.T., Franke, O.L., and Wait, R.L., 1983, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, part 1, geohydrology, modeling strategy, and U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4045, 45 p.
Reilly, T.E. and Buxton, H.T., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewering on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, part 3; development and application of southern U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4210, 41 p.
Seaburn, G.E., 1970, Preliminary results of hydrologic studies at two recharge basins on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-C, p. C1-C17.
Seaburn, G.E. and Aronson, D.A., 1974, Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2031, 66 p.
Soren, Julian, 1976, Basement flooding and foundation damage from water-table rise in the East New York section of Brooklyn, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-95, 14 p.
Taylor, C. J. and Alley W.M., 2001, Ground-Water-Level Monitoring and the Importance of Long-Term Water-Level Data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1217 74 p.
Winter, T.C., Harvey, J.W., Franke, O.L., and Alley, W.M., 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, 79 p.
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Monitoring on Long Island, New York
Long Island Surface-Water Network
U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Monitoring on Long Island, New York
Groundwater is the sole source of water supply for more than 3 million people on Long Island, New York. Large-scale groundwater pumpage, installation of sanitary- and storm-sewer systems, and frequent variations in precipitation all have significant effects on regional groundwater levels and aquifer storage. In order to properly manage this resource, there needs to be a consistent dataset of hydrologic data available for water managers and scientist to use to assess long- and short-term changes within the aquifer system that can detrimentally affect this vital resource.
U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Monitoring on Long Island, New York
The USGS has operated a groundwater-monitoring network on Long Island – Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk Counties – since the early 1900’s. This network provides a consistent, long-term, region-wide hydrologic data-set for scientists to use to properly evaluate and manage the region’s water resources and environmentally sensitive habitats, and for engineers to assess local conditions in support of urban-development and resiliency projects.
The extent and data-collection frequency of this program varies throughout the region from (1) annual-synoptic, which provides data needed for baseline statistical studies and groundwater-model calibration; (2) monthly, which in addition to the above, provides data needed for water-availability and saltwater-intrusion studies, groundwater/surface-water-interaction studies, seasonal-trend analysis, climate change and sea-level rise analysis, and drought and flood monitoring; and (3) continuous recording or real time, which provides additional data needed for short-term trend analysis, recharge and tidal-variation studies, local groundwater-withdrawal monitoring, and real-time drought and flood monitoring.
The current groundwater-monitoring network encompasses data collection from approximately 550 groundwater-monitoring wells throughout Long Island (fig. 1). Data from this network are collected in varying frequencies to supply our cooperators, stakeholders, and the public with mission-critical information on aquifer health.
Project Data
The USGS collects groundwater data needed by Federal, State, and local agencies for water-resource management, engineering projects, and regulatory programs throughout the region. All project data are served online through the USGS National Water Information System: Web Interface (NWISWeb) and other online systems, where data or hydrographs from monitoring stations can be displayed or downloaded as needed.
Groundwater Data for Long Island
- Suffolk County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Nassau County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Queens County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Kings County Wells – Current Conditions Groundwater Watch Mapper
- Historical Groundwater Wells – Interactive Maps (Kings) (Queens) (Nassau) (Suffolk)
- Wetlands-Monitoring Station at Laurel, NY
Water-Level Maps and Hydrogeologic Information for Long Island
- Groundwater Conditions on Long Island, New York in 2016 – Interactive Map Viewer (coming soon)
- Depth to Water on Long Island, New York in 2016 – Interactive Map Viewer (coming soon)
- Groundwater Conditions on Long Island, New York in 2013 – Interactive Map Viewer
- Depth to Water on Long Island, New York in 2013 – Interactive Map Viewer
- State of the Long Island Aquifer System – Information Related to the Island’s Water Supply
- Long Island Hydrogeologic Framework
New York State, Regional, and National Groundwater Data
- USGS Groundwater Information
- National Water Information System Mapper
- Real-Time Groundwater-Data Table for New York
- Groundwater Watch Real-Time Groundwater Level Network for New York
- Groundwater Watch Active Water Level Network for New York
- Groundwater Watch Climate Response Network for New York
- USGS Groundwater Watch Homepage
- USGS WaterAlert – Data to your mobile phone or email using user-definable thresholds
- USGS WaterNow – Current-conditions data directly to your mobile phone or email
- Monthly Hydrologic Conditions for New York
- Drought Information for New York
- Flood Information for New York
- Water-Use Information for New York
- Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey
Related Studies and Other Information
In addition to basic hydrologic-data collection, the USGS conducts hydrologic studies that address a wide variety of water-resources issues, including water supply, contamination, nutrient loading, effects of land use on water quality and quantity, and other basic hydrologic research. A list of some related USGS studies and other useful information can be found below.
Local and Regional Studies
- Assessing Occurrence and Persistence of Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater
- Assessment of Groundwater Resources to Adapt to Climate Change at Fire Island, New York
- Comprehensive Delineation of Groundwater Source Areas and Times-of-Travel to Long Island Streams and Estuaries
- Comprehensive Water Resources Monitoring Program for the Central Pine Barrens Region, Suffolk County, New York - (Supplemental Webpage)
- Delineation of the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface at Selected Public-Supply Wells Using Advanced Surface and Borehole Geophysical Techniques, in Eastern Suffolk County, New York
- Delineation of the Saltwater-Freshwater Interface at Selected Well Locations in the Town of Riverhead
- Development of a Ground-Water Flow Model for the Manhasset Neck Peninsula
- Documenting Hydrogeologic Information Obtained from Deep-Borehole Drilling in Suffolk County
- Federal-State Groundwater Monitoring Network in New York
- Geospatial Dataset of Water-Table and Potentiometric-Surface Altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013
- Glacial Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study
- Groundwater Availability of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain
- Groundwater Sustainability of the Long Island Aquifer System – (Supplemental Webpage)
- Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the North Shore Aquifer in Locust Valley
- Hydrologic Assessment of the Shallow Groundwater-Flow System Beneath the Shinnecock Nation Tribal Lands
- Hydrologic-Data Collection in the Five Boroughs of New York City
- Long Island State of the Aquifer Report – (Supplemental Webpage)
- Nassau Hydrogeologic Maps
- New York Water Science Center Data Program
- New York Water Use Project
- Sentinel Monitoring for New and Legacy Pesticides in the Shallow Groundwater of Long Island
- Shallow Groundwater Quality in the Patchogue River Basin
- Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Chemistry to Evaluate Water-Management Alternatives in Kings and Queens Counties
- Simulation of the Shallow Ground-Water Flow System at Fire Island National Seashore
- Simulation of Zones of Groundwater Contribution to Three Well Fields Southwest Portion of the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Bethpage
- Technical Pump-Test Evaluation of Suffolk County Aquifers
Educational and General Information
- The Water Cycle
- What is Groundwater?
- Ground Water Atlas of the United States
- Aquifers and Groundwater
- Map of the Principal Aquifers of the United States
- Groundwater Storage
- Groundwater Recharge
- Drought and Overpumping and Groundwater Decline
- Groundwater Wells
- Rivers Contain Groundwater
- Questions and Answers about Floods
- Questions and Answers about Droughts
- How Do Hydrologists Locate Groundwater?
- What is Hydrology and What do Hydrologists Do?
- Day in the Life of a USGS Water Scientist
- Geophysical Methods & Applications
- Groundwater Model Development
- USGS Groundwater Videos
Publications and Studies
The USGS publishes water-information reports on many topics and in many formats such as scientific and technical articles and reports, fact sheets, pamphlets, and posters resulting from the research performed by our scientists and partners. A list of selected publications related to the USGS Long Island groundwater-monitoring program can be found below.
Water-Level and Potentiometric-Surface Maps and Publications (listed by year of release).
Burr, W.H., Hering, Rudolph, and Freeman, J.R., 1904, Report of the commission on additional water supply for the City of New York: New York, Martin B Brown, 980 p.
Veatch, A.C., Slichter, C.S., Bowman, Isaiah, Crosby, W.O., and Horton, R.E., 1906, Underground water resources of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 44, 394 p.
Veatch, A.C., 1906, Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 155, 83 p.
Spear, W.E., 1912, Long Island sources--an additional supply of water for the City of New York: New York City Board of Water Supply, 708 p.
Suter, Russell, 1937, Engineering report on the water supplies of Long Island: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-2, 64 p.
Jacob, C.E., 1945, The water table in the western and central parts of Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-12, 24 p.
Brashears, M.L., Jr., 1950, The piezometric surface of the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation, Long Island, New York, in 1947: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-58, 3 pls.
Lusczynski, N.J., 1950, Piezometric levels from 1948 through 1950 for wells screened in the Lloyd sand member of the Raritan formation on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 50-84, 10 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Johnson, A.H., 1951, The water table in Long Island, New York, in January 1951: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-27, 28 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Hoffman, J.F., 1951, The water table as of April 1950 in Southold Township, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-135, 4 p.
Lusczynski, N.J., 1952, The recovery of ground-water levels in Brooklyn, New York, from 1947 to 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 167, 29 p.
Wistoff, L.R., Barnell, R.L., and Crandell, H.G., 1960, Ground-water levels in Long Island, New York, in 1956 and 1957: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 60-157, 75 p.
Barnell, R.L. and DeLuca, F.A., 1961, Ground-water levels in Long Island, New York, 1958-59: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 61-18, 66 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and Soren, Julian, 1962, Effects of major water-table changes in Kings and Queens Counties, New York City: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-E, article 219, p. E136-E139.
Kimmel, G.E., 1971, Water-level surfaces in the aquifers of western Long Island, New York, in 1959 and 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750-B, p. B224-B228.
Kimmel, G.E., 1971, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1970: Suffolk County Department Environmental Control, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-2, 8 p.
Kimmel, G.E., 1973, Change in potentiometric head in the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 1, no. 3, p. 345-350.
Koch, Ellis, and Koszalka, E.J., 1973, Potentiometric surface of the lower part of the Magothy aquifer in March 1972, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 73-147, 1 map.
Koszalka, E.J. and Koch, Ellis, 1974, Water table on Long Island, New York, March 1971: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1 map.
Koszalka, E.J., 1975, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1974: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-5, 7 p.
Rich, C.A., Prince, K.R., and Spinello, A.G., 1975, Potentiometric surface of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York, in January 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 12 p.
Prince, K.R., 1976, The potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-536, 12 p.
Vaupel, D.E., Prince, K.R., Koehler, A.J., and Runco, Mario, 1977, Potentiometric surfaces of the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers and selected streamflow statistics, 1943-72, on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-528, 18 p.
Nakao, J.H. and Erlichman, F.R., 1978, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-569, 10 p.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Water table on Long Island, New York, March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-163, 2 sheets.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer, Long Island, New York in March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-160, 2 sheets.
Donaldson, C.D. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Potentiometric surface of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York, in January 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-162, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Smolensky, D.A., 1983, Potentiometric surfaces on Long Island, New York -- A bibliography of maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-70, 31 p.
Doriski, T.P., 1986, Potentiometric-surface altitude of major aquifers on Long Island, New York, in 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4321, 8 plates.
Doriski, T.P., 1987, Potentiometric-surface of the water-table, Magothy and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4189, 4 plates, scale 1:125,000.
Simmons, D.L., 1989, Depth to the water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4151, 2 sheets.
Busciolano, Ronald, Monti, Jack, Jr., and Chu, Anthony, 1998, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 1997, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4019, 17 p., 3 pls., 6 sheets.
Busciolano, Ronald, 2002, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 2000, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4165,17 p., 6 sheets.
Monti, Jack, Jr. and Busciolano, Ronald, 2009, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, March-April 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3066, 4 sheets.
Monti, Jack, Jr, Como, Michael, and Busciolano, Ronald, 2013, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd Aquifers beneath Long Island, New York, April-May 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3270, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000.
Como, M.D., Noll, M.L, Finkelstein, J.S., Monti, Jack, Jr., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2015, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the Upper Glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April-May 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3326, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000, 6 p.
Como, M.D., Finkelstein, J.S., Rivera, S.L., Monti, Jack, Jr., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2018, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes in the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers of Long Island, New York, April–May 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3398, 4 sheets, scale 1:125,000, 5-p. pamphlet.
Hydrogeologic-Assessment and Saltwater-Encroachment Publications
Barlow, Paul M., 2003, Ground Water in Freshwater-Saltwater Environments of the Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1262, 121 p.
Buxton, H.T., Soren, Julian, Posner, Alex, and Shernoff, P.K., 1981, Reconnaissance of the ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1186, 59 p.
Chu, Anthony, 2006, Hydrogeology of the Lloyd aquifer on Long Island, New York -- A brief summary of USGS investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1341, 12 p.
Crandell, H.C., Jr., 1963, Geology and ground-water resources of the Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-GG, p. GG1-GG36.
de Laguna, Wallace, and Brashears, M.L., Jr., 1948, The configuration of the rock floor in western Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-13, 32 p.
de Laguna, Wallace, 1963, Geology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-A, 35 p.
Doriski, T.P. and Wilde-Katz, Franceska, 1983, Geology of the "20-foot" clay and Gardiners Clay in southern Nassau and southwestern Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4056, 17 p., 8 pls.
Fuller, M.L., 1914, The geology of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 82, 221 p.
Garber, M.S., 1986, Geohydrology of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4159, 36 p.
Hoffman, J.F., 1961, Hydrology of the shallow ground-water reservoir of the Town of Southold, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin GW-45, 49 p.
Isbister, John, 1966, Geology and hydrology of northeastern Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1825, 89 p.
Jensen, H.M. and Soren, Julian, 1974, Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-501, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Kilburn, Chabot, 1979, Hydrogeology of the Town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, Long Island, New York: Nassau County Department of Public Works, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-12, 87 p.
Kilburn, Chabot and Krulikas, Richard K., 1987, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, in 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4051, 61 p., 6 pls.
Koszalka, E.J., 1980, Hydrogeologic data from the northern part of the Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-15, 80 p.
Krulikas, R.K. and Koszalka, E.J., 1983, Geologic reconnaissance of an extensive clay unit in north-central Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4075, 9 p., 1 pl.
Krulikas, R.K., Koszalka, E.J., and Doriski, T.P., 1983, Altitude of the top of the Matawan Group-Magothy formation, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-137, 1 pl.
Krulikas, R.K., 1987 (rev. 1989), Hydrogeology of the southwestern part of the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4288, 16 p., 6 pls.
Lubke, E.R., 1964, Hydrogeology of the Huntington-Smithtown area, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1669-D, p. D1-D68.
Masterson, J.P.; Pope, J.P.; Monti, Jack, Jr.; Nardi, M.R.; Finkelstein, J.S.; McCoy, K.J., 2015, Hydrogeology and hydrologic conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (version 1.1, September 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5133, 76 p.
McNew-Cartwright, E.R., 1996, Hydrogeologic data from an investigation of water resources near Greenport, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-427, 41 p.
Nemickas, Bronius, Koszalka, E.J., and Vaupel, D.E., 1977, Hydrogeologic data from investigation of water resources of the South Fork, Suffolk County, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-7, 31 p.
Nemickas, Bronius; Koszalka, Edward J., 1982, Geohydrologic appraisal of water resources of the South Fork, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2073, 55 p.
Noll, M.L., Rivera, S.L., and Busciolano, Ronald, 2016, Hydrologic assessment of the shallow groundwater flow system beneath the Shinnecock Nation Tribal Lands, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5110, 44 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and Geraghty, J.J., 1963, Geology and ground-water conditions in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-A, 205 p.
Pluhowski, E.J. and Kantrowitz, I.H., 1964, Hydrology of the Babylon-Islip area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1768, 119 p.
Prince, K.R., 1986, Ground-water assessment of the Montauk area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4013, 103 p., 2 pls.
Sanford, Homer, 1938, Report on the geology and hydrology of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-7, 68 p.
Schubert, C.E., Bova, R.G., and Misut, P.E., 2004, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Fork and surrounding areas, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4284, 23 p., 4 plates, scale 1:24,000.
Scorca, M.P., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1995, Selected hydrogeologic and water-quality data from Jones Beach Island, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4171, 21 p.
Simmons, D.L., 1986, Geohydrology and ground-water quality on Shelter Island, Suffolk County, New York, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4165, 39 p.
Soren, Julian, 1971, Ground-water and geohydrologic conditions in Queens County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2001-A, p. A1-A39.
Soren, Julian, 1971, Results of subsurface exploration in the Mid-Island area of western Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: Suffolk County Water Authority, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-1, 60 p., 6 plates.
Soren, Julian, 1978, Hydrogeologic conditions in the town of Shelter Island, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-77, 22 p.
Soren, Julian, 1978, Subsurface geology and paleogeography of Queens County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 77-34, 17 p.
Soren, Julian and Simmons, D.S., 1987, Thickness and hydrogeology of aquifers and confining units below the upper glacial aquifer on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4175, 3 sheets.
Stumm, Frederick, 2001, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion of the Great Neck Peninsula, Great Neck, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4280, 41 p.
Stumm, Frederick, Lange, A.D., and Candela, J.L., 2002, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion on Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4193, 42 p.
Stumm, Frederick, Lange, A.D., and Candela, J.L., 2004, Hydrogeology and extent of saltwater intrusion in the northern part of the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York: 1995-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4288, 55 p.
Smolensky, D.A., Buxton, H.T., and Shernoff, P.K., 1989, Hydrogeologic framework of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-709, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
Suter, Russell, deLaguna, Wallace, and Perlmutter, N.M., 1949, Mapping of geologic formations and aquifers of Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-18, 212 p.
Swarzenski, W.V., 1963, Hydrogeology of northwestern Nassau and northeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1657, 90 p.
Upson, J.E., 1970, The Gardiners Clay of eastern Long Island, New York -- A reexamination, in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-B, p. B157-B160.
Veatch, A.C., 1906, Outlines of the geology of Long Island (New York): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 44, p. 15-85.
Warren, M.A., deLaguna, Wallace, and Lusczynski, N.J., 1968, Hydrology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-C, p. C1-C127.
Groundwater-Modeling and Water-Availability Publications
Buxton, H.T. and Shernoff, P.K., 1995, Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-76, 111 p.
Buxton, H.T. and Shernoff, P.K., 1999, Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2498, 113 p., 7 pls.
Buxton, H.T. and Smolensky, D.A., 1999, Simulation of the effects of development of the ground-water flow system of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4069, 57 p.
Cohen, Philip and Kimmel, G.E., 1971, Status of salt-water encroachment in 1969 in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-D, p. D281-D286.
Franke, O.L. and Cohen, Philip, 1972, Regional rates of ground-water movement on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 800-C, p. C271-C277.
Franke, O.L. and McClymonds, N.E., 1972, Summary of the hydrologic situation on Long Island, New York, as a guide to water-management alternatives: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-F, p. F1-F59.
Kimmel, G.E., Ku, H.F.H., Harbaugh, A.W., Sulam, D.J., and Getzen, R.T., 1977, Analog-model prediction of the hydrologic effects of sanitary sewerage in southeast Nassau and southwest Suffolk Counties, New York: Nassau County Department of Public Works, Long Island Water Resources Bulletin LIWR-6, 25 p.
Kontis, A.L., 1999, Simulation of freshwater-saltwater interfaces in the Brooklyn-Queens aquifer system, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4067, 26 p.
Lusczynski, N.J., Geraghty, J.J., Asselstine, E.S., and Grossman, I.G., 1956, Saline waters in New York State, Long Island, Staten Island and Manhattan, and Upstate New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-36, 15 p.
Lusczynski, N.J. and Swarzenski, W.V., 1966, Salt-water encroachment in southern Nassau and southeastern Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-F, p. F1-F76.
Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S.,, 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5076, 70 p.
Misut, P.E. and Monti, Jack, Jr., 1999, Simulation of ground-water flow and pumpage in Kings and Queens Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4071, 50 p.
Misut, P.E., Schubert, C.E., Bova, R.G., and Colabufo, S.R., 2004, Simulated Effects of Pumping and Drought on Ground-Water Levels and the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface on the North Fork of Long Island, New York U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4184, 58 p.
Perlmutter, N.M. and DeLuca, F.A., 1963, Availability of fresh ground water, Montauk Point area, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1613-B, p. B1-B39.
Schubert, C.E., 1998, Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, Eastern Suffolk County, New York U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4136, 36 p., 1 pl.
Terracciano, S.A., 1997, Position of the freshwater/saltwater interface in southeastern Queens and southwestern Nassau Counties, Long Island, New York, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-456, 17 p.
Other Groundwater Related Publications
Aronson, D.A. and Seaburn, G.E., 1974, Appraisal of the operating efficiency of recharge basins on Long Island, New York, in 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2001-D, p. D1-D22.
Aronson, D.A. and Prill, R.C., 1977, Analysis of the recharge potential of storm-water basins on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 5, no. 3, p.307-318.
Busciolano, Ronald, 2005, Statistical analysis of long-term hydrologic records for selection of drought-monitoring sites on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5152, 47 p., online only.
Buxton, H.T. and Reilly, T.E., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, Part 2, development and application of southwest Suffolk County model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4209, 39 p.
Cartwright, R.A., 2002, History and hydrologic effects of ground-water use in Kings, Queens, and western Nassau Counties, Long Island, New York, 1800's through 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4096. 79 p.
Clark, David W.; Briar, David W., 1993, What is ground water?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-643, 2 p.
Cohen, Philip, Franke, O.L., and Foxworthy, B.L., 1968, An atlas of Long Island's water resources: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin 62, 117 p.
Cohen, Philip, Franke, O.L., and McClymonds, N.E., 1969, Hydrologic effects of the 1962-66 drought on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1879-F, p. F1-F18.
Franke, O.L., 1968, Double-mass-curve analysis of the effects of sewering on ground-water levels on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600-B, p. B205-B209.
Garber, M.S. and Sulam, D.J., 1976, Factors affecting declining water levels in a sewered area of Nassau County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-290, 37 p.
Ku, H.F.H. and Aaronson, D.B., 1992, Rates of water movement through the floors of selected stormwater basins in Nassau County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4012, 121 p., 1 pl.
McClymonds, N.E. and Franke, O.L., 1972, Water-transmitting properties of aquifers on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-E, p. E1-E24.
Nemickas, Bronius, Mallard, G.E., and Reilly, T.E., 1989, Availability and historical development of ground-water resources on Long Island, New York -- An introduction: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4113, 43 p.
Peterson, D. S., 1987, Ground-water-recharge rates in Nassau and Suffolk counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4181, 19 p.
Reilly, T.E., Buxton, H.T., Franke, O.L., and Wait, R.L., 1983, Effects of sanitary sewers on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, part 1, geohydrology, modeling strategy, and U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4045, 45 p.
Reilly, T.E. and Buxton, H.T., 1985, Effects of sanitary sewering on ground-water levels and streams in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, part 3; development and application of southern U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4210, 41 p.
Seaburn, G.E., 1970, Preliminary results of hydrologic studies at two recharge basins on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-C, p. C1-C17.
Seaburn, G.E. and Aronson, D.A., 1974, Influence of recharge basins on the hydrology of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2031, 66 p.
Soren, Julian, 1976, Basement flooding and foundation damage from water-table rise in the East New York section of Brooklyn, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-95, 14 p.
Taylor, C. J. and Alley W.M., 2001, Ground-Water-Level Monitoring and the Importance of Long-Term Water-Level Data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1217 74 p.
Winter, T.C., Harvey, J.W., Franke, O.L., and Alley, W.M., 1998, Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, 79 p.
Below are other science projects associated with this project.