PFAS Fate Transport Diagram

Environmental fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS can be from direct and indirect releases or emissions of PFAS from producers or industrial facilities manufacturing PFAS (outlined in red). Primary sources (outlined in orange) include consumer goods, PFAS-containing firefighting foams, landfills, and wastewater treatment plants. Secondary sources of PFAS (outlined in yellow) exposures include surface water, atmospheric deposition, agricultural crops, and foods (livestock, poultry). Receptors of PFAS contamination include wildlife, fish, birds, and humans. Illustration by Mike Hamblin, Hamblin Art