Hydrothermal Monitoring

Active volcanoes are complex natural systems, and understanding a volcano's behaviors requires the attention of specialists from many science disciplines. It demands a combination of current knowledge about magma systems, tectonic plate motion, volcano deformation, earthquakes, gases, chemistry, volcano histories, processes, and hazards.

By monitoring the changes in chemistry and temperature of groundwater, surface water, and steam at a volcano over time, scientists can obtain useful information about changes in volcanic activity.