Volcanic Gas
Volcanic Gas
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Volcano Monitoring by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
Kīlauea and other active Hawaiian volcanoes are ideal natural laboratories for researching how volcanoes work, because they are easy to access and have frequent eruptions and earthquakes.
Monitoring Volcanic Gas in Hawaii
Gas escapes from magma as it rises toward the surface, erupts, and as it cools and crystallizes below ground.
Explosive eruptions produce multiple hazards
Hawaiian volcanoes have produced explosive eruptions ranging in size and vigor from relatively small lava fountains to large eruptions.
Volcanic Gas Hazards from Kīlauea Volcano
Volcanic gas emissions are composed mainly of water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas, with trace amounts of several other gaseous compounds, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and carbon monoxide (CO). The chief gas hazard in Hawai‘i results from SO2 gas.