Slickensides are polished striated rock surfaces caused by one rock mass moving across another on a fault.
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Slickensides
Slickensides are polished striated rock surfaces caused by one rock mass moving across another on a fault.
Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is how much a set of data is different from the curve it should make when plotted on a graph. Or, the square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
The standard deviation is how much a set of data is different from the curve it should make when plotted on a graph. Or, the square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
Station EMS
Station EMS in southern California.
The station refers to the place where a geophysical instrument is located.
Station EMS in southern California.
The station refers to the place where a geophysical instrument is located.
Stick-Slip Diagram
When the force trying to make the block (m) slip becomes greater than the frictional force causing it to stick, the block will slip.
When the force trying to make the block (m) slip becomes greater than the frictional force causing it to stick, the block will slip.
Stochastic Diagram
The dots on the left make a regular pattern, but the dots on the right make a random, or stochastic, pattern.
The dots on the left make a regular pattern, but the dots on the right make a random, or stochastic, pattern.
Strain Types
Strain is the small changes in length and volume associated with deformation of the earth by tectonic stresses or by the passage of seismic waves.
Strain is the small changes in length and volume associated with deformation of the earth by tectonic stresses or by the passage of seismic waves.
Strike
The strike is the trend or bearing, relative to north, of the line defined by the intersection of a planar geologic surface (for example, a fault or a bed) and a horizontal surface such as the ground.
The strike is the trend or bearing, relative to north, of the line defined by the intersection of a planar geologic surface (for example, a fault or a bed) and a horizontal surface such as the ground.
Los Gatos Residence Damage
This turn-of-the-century wooden residence in Los Gatos sustained major damage when it moved off its foundation during the October 17, 1989, M7.1 Loma Prieta, California earthquake.
This turn-of-the-century wooden residence in Los Gatos sustained major damage when it moved off its foundation during the October 17, 1989, M7.1 Loma Prieta, California earthquake.
Surface Waves
A surface wave is a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.
A surface wave is a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.
Slip Rate Map
The slip rate is how fast the two sides of a fault are slipping relative to one another, as determined from geodetic measurements, from offset man-made structures, or from offset geologic features whose age can be estimated. It is measured parallel to the predominant slip direction or estimated from the vertical or horizontal offset of geologic markers.
The slip rate is how fast the two sides of a fault are slipping relative to one another, as determined from geodetic measurements, from offset man-made structures, or from offset geologic features whose age can be estimated. It is measured parallel to the predominant slip direction or estimated from the vertical or horizontal offset of geologic markers.
Soil Profile in Hills of Manisa Province, Turkey
Soil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey, showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic (manganese and/or iron?) oxides.
Soil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey, showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic (manganese and/or iron?) oxides.
Earthquake Source Diagram
The source is the term for the released forces that generate acoustic or seismic waves, also called the earthquake source.
The source is the term for the released forces that generate acoustic or seismic waves, also called the earthquake source.
Spectrum
The spectrum is a curve showing amplitude and phase as a function of frequency or period, or how much of each type of shaking there is from an earthquake.
The spectrum is a curve showing amplitude and phase as a function of frequency or period, or how much of each type of shaking there is from an earthquake.
Right Lateral Motion Diagram
If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of strike-slip fault where the right block moves toward you and the left block moves away.
If you were to stand on the fault and look along its length, this is a type of strike-slip fault where the right block moves toward you and the left block moves away.
Rupture Front
Snapshots of a rupture front moving across a fault surface.
Snapshots of a rupture front moving across a fault surface.
S Waves
An S wave, or shear wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.
An S wave, or shear wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.
Sand Boil
A sand boil is sand and water that come out onto the ground surface during an earthquake as a result of liquefaction at shallow depth.
A sand boil is sand and water that come out onto the ground surface during an earthquake as a result of liquefaction at shallow depth.
Secular Mountains
Secular refers to long-term changes that take place slowly and imperceptibly. Commonly used to describe changes in elevation, tilt, and stress or strain rates that are related to long-term tectonic deformation.
Secular refers to long-term changes that take place slowly and imperceptibly. Commonly used to describe changes in elevation, tilt, and stress or strain rates that are related to long-term tectonic deformation.
Seiche in Lake Geneva, Switzerland
Seiche in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)
A seiche is the sloshing of a closed body of water from earthquake shaking. Swimming pools often have seiches during earthquakes.
Seiche in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)
A seiche is the sloshing of a closed body of water from earthquake shaking. Swimming pools often have seiches during earthquakes.
Seismogenic Zone
Moment = ? A D
? = shear modulus = 32 GPa in crust, 75 GPa in mantle
A = LW = area
D = average displacement during rupture
Moment = ? A D
? = shear modulus = 32 GPa in crust, 75 GPa in mantle
A = LW = area
D = average displacement during rupture
New Madrid Seismic Zone
The New Madrid seismic zone in Central U.S.
A seismic zone is an area of seismicity probably sharing a common cause.
The New Madrid seismic zone in Central U.S.
A seismic zone is an area of seismicity probably sharing a common cause.