Igneous mineralogy at Bradbury Rise: the first ChemCam campaign at Gale crater

Textural and compositional analyses using ChemCam Remote Micro Imager (RMI) and
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) have been performed on 5 float rocks and
coarse gravels along the first 100 meters of the Curiosity traverse at Bradbury rise.
ChemCam, the first LIBS instrument sent to another planet, offers the opportunity to assess
mineralogic diversity at grain-size scales (∼100μm) and, from this, lithologic diversity. Depth
profiling indicates that targets are relatively free of surface coatings. One type of igneous
rock is volcanic and includes both aphanitic (Coronation) and porphyritic (Mara) samples.
The porphyritic sample shows dark grains that are likely pyroxene megacrysts in a finegrained
mesostasis containing andesine needles. Both types have magnesium-poor basaltic
compositions and in this respect are similar to the evolved Jake-Matijevic rock [Stolper et al.,
2013] analyzed further along the Curiosity traverse both with APXS and ChemCam
instruments. The second rock-type encountered is a coarse-grained intrusive rock (Thor
Lake) showing equigranular texture with mm size crystals of feldspars and Fe-Ti oxides.
Such a rock is not unique at Gale as the surrounding coarse gravels (such as Beaulieu) and
the conglomerate Link are dominated by feldspathic (andesine-bytownite) clasts. Finally,
alkali feldspar compositions associated with a silica polymorph have been analyzed in
fractured filling material of Preble rock and in Stark, a putative pumice or an impact melt.
These observations document magmatic diversity at Gale and describe the first fragments of
feldspar-rich lithologies (possibly an anorthosite) that may be ancient crust transported from
the crater rim and now forming float rocks, coarse gravel or conglomerate clasts.