Group photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
linkGroup photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
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Research missions, often performed in cooperation with other DOI bureaus as well as non-DOI collaborators, serve as vital tools in the ongoing evaluation and integration activities that support the strategic implementation of UAS into the USGS and the DOI.
This year's missions have had two main objectives: assessing and comparing next-generation DOI UAS advanced capabilities with our existing fleet of aircraft and exploring new scientific applications of specialized sensors.
In May 2024, NUSO scientists supported a Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC) dye-trace study to characterize river flow patterns and ultimately evaluate habitat for endangered pallid sturgeon reproduction along the Missouri River. This study, which NUSO also supported in May 2021, is part of an ongoing CERC and Water Resources Mission Area collaboration to study the factors leading to spawning and survival of the endangered pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River.
During the May 2024 study, CERC personnel released non-toxic pink dye into the river and monitored the dye’s flow patterns downstream using technologies including in-situ instruments, low-altitude UAS flights, and contracted crewed airborne surveys. CERC remote pilots alternated flying UAS over the recent dye-trace project to record nearly continuous video footage of the water flow patterns before, during, and after the dye release.
Complementing the in-situ water measurements and UAS video footage, NUSO researchers collected UAS hyperspectral data to determine whether the detailed color information of a 274-band Headwall Nano-Hyperspec can lead to more accurate and precise estimates of tracer dye concentration. The hyperspectral flight planning was complex and experimental. Due to the densely wooded banks of the Missouri River, USGS personnel secured a radiometric calibration tarp to an anchored boat near the river’s edge. NUSO remote pilots hovered the hyperspectral line-scanning sensor over a key area of interest during seven back-to-back flights to capture a time series of dye concentration flowing downstream.
The UAS data collected during this collaborative project will help scientists understand how endangered pallid sturgeon larvae drift downstream and find supportive habitat.
Learn more: USGS CERC Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project Blog
Study Point of Contact:
Brandon Sansom, Research Engineer
Columbia Environmental Research Center
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial was established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the War of 1812, and to celebrate the long-lasting peace among Great Britian, Canada, and the United States. The memorial rises 352 feet over Lake Erie and is situated 5 miles from the longest undefended border in the world (NPS). The monument was constructed in 1913 and serves as the final resting place for six officers, three American and three British, who died in combat.
During this mission, NUSO utilized two different UAS to provide a full photogrammetric survey of the exterior of the monument. Data collection was first performed with a fully autonomous Skydio X10 UAS using 3D Scan to generate a digital twin of the monument, which was also the first time DOI utilized UAS 3D Scan for a historical structure. Six hours of flight time using the Skydio X10 provided 1.2 mm ground sample distance (GSD) stereo imagery of the exterior. The second UAS was mounted with a Sony A7R4 camera system and flown manually to capture stereo imagery to supplement the autonomous imagery collection.
NPS architects and engineers conducted terrestrial laser scans (TLS) of the outside base of the monument and the interior of the structure. The NPS will combine the TLS derived point clouds and the UAS-provided point cloud in the analysis and documentation package. The intent of the project is to document Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial with a historical report, measured drawings, and archival photographs for inclusion in the collection at the Library of Congress.
Learn more: Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial
Study Point of Contact:
Paul Davidson, HABS Architect
NPS Heritage Documentation Program
In March 2024 the NUSO, Western Geographic Science Center and the NPS conducted UAS operations over the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park in support of habitat studies for the Texas tortoise.
UAS are becoming important tools for understanding wildlife distributions and improving habitat prioritization and conservation. UAS data can provide spatially extensive and high-resolution maps of vegetation type and cover, topography and other landscape features that support analyses of habitat selection and suitability. For Texas tortoise, habitat features such as particularly dense shrubs, grasses, and cacti, incontiguous patches, and small hills are challenging to map using field surveys and satellite remote sensing, therefore they are better suited for UAS data collection.
UAS-based high-resolution data collection, performed over the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park to evaluate habitat use by Texas tortoise, included:
- Photogrammetric canopy structure, height and cover as well as surface topography from Structure-from-motion (SfM) models and UAS lidar
- Multispectral (visible color and near-infrared) imagery to map vegetation types (i.e., native vs. non-native grasses); and
Several models of UAS were used to collect data including Wingtra One Gen II to collect visible, near infrared and a new lidar payload, and the DJI M600 carrying a Yellowscan Mapper + lidar unit.
After it’s collection, this data will be used to:
- Perform an analysis of habitat selection by Texas tortoise, using the imagery and previously collected GPS locations,
- Calculate a ‘walking function’ using a regression analysis to estimate the speed and energy expenditure as a function of the microtopography and vegetation, and
- Develop a raster dataset which translates imagery and surface models to the amount of energy expended by a typical Texas tortoise to traverse habitat while avoiding natural and built impediments to travel.
Learn more: Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park
Study Points of Contact:
Josh Von Nonn, Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Samuel Chambers, Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Miguel Villareal, Research Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Group photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
Group photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
NUSO remote pilots Matt Burgess and Victoria Scholl prepare the hyperspectral sensor for data collection.
NUSO remote pilots Matt Burgess and Victoria Scholl prepare the hyperspectral sensor for data collection.
DJI Mavic Pro UAS-captured photo showing DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload approaching the Missouri River.
DJI Mavic Pro UAS-captured photo showing DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload approaching the Missouri River.
Victoria Scholl and Matt Burgess (NUSO) conducting a hyperspectral UAS flight over the Missouri River.
Victoria Scholl and Matt Burgess (NUSO) conducting a hyperspectral UAS flight over the Missouri River.
DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral sensor hovers over a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral sensor hovers over a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
Tarp secured to an anchored boat to enable radiometric calibration of the UAS hyperspectral data during post-processing.
Tarp secured to an anchored boat to enable radiometric calibration of the UAS hyperspectral data during post-processing.
NUSO remote pilot Matt Burgess flies a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload from a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
NUSO remote pilot Matt Burgess flies a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload from a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) and Brandon Sansom (CERC) compare waypoints in UAS flight plans during field tests the day prior to the dye release. A train travels across the farmland in the background.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) and Brandon Sansom (CERC) compare waypoints in UAS flight plans during field tests the day prior to the dye release. A train travels across the farmland in the background.
Image of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial taken from a drone
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Image of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial taken from a drone
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Picture of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial from the NPS Visitors Center located on South Bass Island, Put in Bay, Ohio in Lake Erie.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Picture of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial from the NPS Visitors Center located on South Bass Island, Put in Bay, Ohio in Lake Erie.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO team members Todd Burton, Matt Burgess and Lance R. Brady at the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial to conduct UAS photogrammetric survey mission.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO team members Todd Burton, Matt Burgess and Lance R. Brady at the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial to conduct UAS photogrammetric survey mission.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
DJI M600 with Sony A7R on Gremsy gimbal manually flown to supplement stereo imagery at Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
DJI M600 with Sony A7R on Gremsy gimbal manually flown to supplement stereo imagery at Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO researchers Matt Burgess and Todd Burton observing manual flight of a DJI M600 configured with a Sony A7R payload.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO researchers Matt Burgess and Todd Burton observing manual flight of a DJI M600 configured with a Sony A7R payload.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
View from the top of Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial looking to the north.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
View from the top of Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial looking to the north.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) setting up the Yellowscan Mapper+ on a DJI M600 for flights at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) setting up the Yellowscan Mapper+ on a DJI M600 for flights at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Josh Von Nonn (WGSC) and Keith Williams (Wingtra) on top of the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park Visitor Center using it as the UAS ground station to maintain visual line of site for the Wingtra flight missions.
Josh Von Nonn (WGSC) and Keith Williams (Wingtra) on top of the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park Visitor Center using it as the UAS ground station to maintain visual line of site for the Wingtra flight missions.
Picture of the UAS Project Team at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park NPS Visitors Center located near Brownsville, Tx. From left to right, Scott McTavish (Wingtra), Keith Williams (Wingtra), Matt Burgess (NUSO), Josh Von Nonn (WGSC), Lance R. Brady (NUSO), Lee Bragg (NPS), Samuel Chambers (WGSC).
Picture of the UAS Project Team at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park NPS Visitors Center located near Brownsville, Tx. From left to right, Scott McTavish (Wingtra), Keith Williams (Wingtra), Matt Burgess (NUSO), Josh Von Nonn (WGSC), Lance R. Brady (NUSO), Lee Bragg (NPS), Samuel Chambers (WGSC).
Verifying successful lidar data collection while in the field at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Verifying successful lidar data collection while in the field at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Texas tortoise in the wild located at the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Texas tortoise in the wild located at the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Research missions, often performed in cooperation with other DOI bureaus as well as non-DOI collaborators, serve as vital tools in the ongoing evaluation and integration activities that support the strategic implementation of UAS into the USGS and the DOI.
This year's missions have had two main objectives: assessing and comparing next-generation DOI UAS advanced capabilities with our existing fleet of aircraft and exploring new scientific applications of specialized sensors.
In May 2024, NUSO scientists supported a Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC) dye-trace study to characterize river flow patterns and ultimately evaluate habitat for endangered pallid sturgeon reproduction along the Missouri River. This study, which NUSO also supported in May 2021, is part of an ongoing CERC and Water Resources Mission Area collaboration to study the factors leading to spawning and survival of the endangered pallid sturgeon in the Missouri River.
During the May 2024 study, CERC personnel released non-toxic pink dye into the river and monitored the dye’s flow patterns downstream using technologies including in-situ instruments, low-altitude UAS flights, and contracted crewed airborne surveys. CERC remote pilots alternated flying UAS over the recent dye-trace project to record nearly continuous video footage of the water flow patterns before, during, and after the dye release.
Complementing the in-situ water measurements and UAS video footage, NUSO researchers collected UAS hyperspectral data to determine whether the detailed color information of a 274-band Headwall Nano-Hyperspec can lead to more accurate and precise estimates of tracer dye concentration. The hyperspectral flight planning was complex and experimental. Due to the densely wooded banks of the Missouri River, USGS personnel secured a radiometric calibration tarp to an anchored boat near the river’s edge. NUSO remote pilots hovered the hyperspectral line-scanning sensor over a key area of interest during seven back-to-back flights to capture a time series of dye concentration flowing downstream.
The UAS data collected during this collaborative project will help scientists understand how endangered pallid sturgeon larvae drift downstream and find supportive habitat.
Learn more: USGS CERC Comprehensive Sturgeon Research Project Blog
Study Point of Contact:
Brandon Sansom, Research Engineer
Columbia Environmental Research Center
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial was established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the War of 1812, and to celebrate the long-lasting peace among Great Britian, Canada, and the United States. The memorial rises 352 feet over Lake Erie and is situated 5 miles from the longest undefended border in the world (NPS). The monument was constructed in 1913 and serves as the final resting place for six officers, three American and three British, who died in combat.
During this mission, NUSO utilized two different UAS to provide a full photogrammetric survey of the exterior of the monument. Data collection was first performed with a fully autonomous Skydio X10 UAS using 3D Scan to generate a digital twin of the monument, which was also the first time DOI utilized UAS 3D Scan for a historical structure. Six hours of flight time using the Skydio X10 provided 1.2 mm ground sample distance (GSD) stereo imagery of the exterior. The second UAS was mounted with a Sony A7R4 camera system and flown manually to capture stereo imagery to supplement the autonomous imagery collection.
NPS architects and engineers conducted terrestrial laser scans (TLS) of the outside base of the monument and the interior of the structure. The NPS will combine the TLS derived point clouds and the UAS-provided point cloud in the analysis and documentation package. The intent of the project is to document Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial with a historical report, measured drawings, and archival photographs for inclusion in the collection at the Library of Congress.
Learn more: Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial
Study Point of Contact:
Paul Davidson, HABS Architect
NPS Heritage Documentation Program
In March 2024 the NUSO, Western Geographic Science Center and the NPS conducted UAS operations over the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park in support of habitat studies for the Texas tortoise.
UAS are becoming important tools for understanding wildlife distributions and improving habitat prioritization and conservation. UAS data can provide spatially extensive and high-resolution maps of vegetation type and cover, topography and other landscape features that support analyses of habitat selection and suitability. For Texas tortoise, habitat features such as particularly dense shrubs, grasses, and cacti, incontiguous patches, and small hills are challenging to map using field surveys and satellite remote sensing, therefore they are better suited for UAS data collection.
UAS-based high-resolution data collection, performed over the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historical Park to evaluate habitat use by Texas tortoise, included:
- Photogrammetric canopy structure, height and cover as well as surface topography from Structure-from-motion (SfM) models and UAS lidar
- Multispectral (visible color and near-infrared) imagery to map vegetation types (i.e., native vs. non-native grasses); and
Several models of UAS were used to collect data including Wingtra One Gen II to collect visible, near infrared and a new lidar payload, and the DJI M600 carrying a Yellowscan Mapper + lidar unit.
After it’s collection, this data will be used to:
- Perform an analysis of habitat selection by Texas tortoise, using the imagery and previously collected GPS locations,
- Calculate a ‘walking function’ using a regression analysis to estimate the speed and energy expenditure as a function of the microtopography and vegetation, and
- Develop a raster dataset which translates imagery and surface models to the amount of energy expended by a typical Texas tortoise to traverse habitat while avoiding natural and built impediments to travel.
Learn more: Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park
Study Points of Contact:
Josh Von Nonn, Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Samuel Chambers, Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Miguel Villareal, Research Geographer
Western Geographic Science Center
Group photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
Group photo of the field crew at the Lexington boat ramp on the morning of the dye release in the Missouri River.
NUSO remote pilots Matt Burgess and Victoria Scholl prepare the hyperspectral sensor for data collection.
NUSO remote pilots Matt Burgess and Victoria Scholl prepare the hyperspectral sensor for data collection.
DJI Mavic Pro UAS-captured photo showing DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload approaching the Missouri River.
DJI Mavic Pro UAS-captured photo showing DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload approaching the Missouri River.
Victoria Scholl and Matt Burgess (NUSO) conducting a hyperspectral UAS flight over the Missouri River.
Victoria Scholl and Matt Burgess (NUSO) conducting a hyperspectral UAS flight over the Missouri River.
DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral sensor hovers over a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral sensor hovers over a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
Tarp secured to an anchored boat to enable radiometric calibration of the UAS hyperspectral data during post-processing.
Tarp secured to an anchored boat to enable radiometric calibration of the UAS hyperspectral data during post-processing.
NUSO remote pilot Matt Burgess flies a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload from a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
NUSO remote pilot Matt Burgess flies a DJI Matrice 600 Pro UAS with hyperspectral payload from a levee on the south bank of the Missouri River.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) and Brandon Sansom (CERC) compare waypoints in UAS flight plans during field tests the day prior to the dye release. A train travels across the farmland in the background.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) and Brandon Sansom (CERC) compare waypoints in UAS flight plans during field tests the day prior to the dye release. A train travels across the farmland in the background.
Image of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial taken from a drone
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Image of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial taken from a drone
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Picture of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial from the NPS Visitors Center located on South Bass Island, Put in Bay, Ohio in Lake Erie.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Picture of the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial from the NPS Visitors Center located on South Bass Island, Put in Bay, Ohio in Lake Erie.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO team members Todd Burton, Matt Burgess and Lance R. Brady at the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial to conduct UAS photogrammetric survey mission.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO team members Todd Burton, Matt Burgess and Lance R. Brady at the Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial to conduct UAS photogrammetric survey mission.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
DJI M600 with Sony A7R on Gremsy gimbal manually flown to supplement stereo imagery at Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
DJI M600 with Sony A7R on Gremsy gimbal manually flown to supplement stereo imagery at Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO researchers Matt Burgess and Todd Burton observing manual flight of a DJI M600 configured with a Sony A7R payload.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
NUSO researchers Matt Burgess and Todd Burton observing manual flight of a DJI M600 configured with a Sony A7R payload.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
View from the top of Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial looking to the north.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
View from the top of Perry Victory and International Peace Memorial looking to the north.
The NUSO and the National Park Service (NPS) Heritage Document Programs partnered in May 2024 to perform a UAS-based 3D scan of Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) setting up the Yellowscan Mapper+ on a DJI M600 for flights at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Matt Burgess (NUSO) setting up the Yellowscan Mapper+ on a DJI M600 for flights at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Josh Von Nonn (WGSC) and Keith Williams (Wingtra) on top of the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park Visitor Center using it as the UAS ground station to maintain visual line of site for the Wingtra flight missions.
Josh Von Nonn (WGSC) and Keith Williams (Wingtra) on top of the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park Visitor Center using it as the UAS ground station to maintain visual line of site for the Wingtra flight missions.
Picture of the UAS Project Team at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park NPS Visitors Center located near Brownsville, Tx. From left to right, Scott McTavish (Wingtra), Keith Williams (Wingtra), Matt Burgess (NUSO), Josh Von Nonn (WGSC), Lance R. Brady (NUSO), Lee Bragg (NPS), Samuel Chambers (WGSC).
Picture of the UAS Project Team at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park NPS Visitors Center located near Brownsville, Tx. From left to right, Scott McTavish (Wingtra), Keith Williams (Wingtra), Matt Burgess (NUSO), Josh Von Nonn (WGSC), Lance R. Brady (NUSO), Lee Bragg (NPS), Samuel Chambers (WGSC).
Verifying successful lidar data collection while in the field at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Verifying successful lidar data collection while in the field at Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Texas tortoise in the wild located at the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.
Texas tortoise in the wild located at the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Park.