Border barrier construction along the USA-Mexico border has resulted in an increase in border patrol and construction vehicle activity near and within the Lower Rio Grande Valley Wildlife Refuge (LRGVNWR) system, which is located along the Rio Grande River near the USA-Mexico border in Cameron, Hidalgo, and Starr counties in south Texas (USA). This data release characterizes road coverage during two time periods (2004 and 2024) within the following 14 focal tracts of the LRGVNWR system: Arroyo Ramirez, Boscaje de la Palma, Chicharra Banco, Cottam, Cuevitas, Havana, Hidalgo Bend, Pate Bend, La Coma, La Joya, Penitas WMA, Pharr Settling Basin, Sam Fordyce North, and Sam Fordyce South.