Book Chapters

Shorebirds are a diverse group that includes oystercatchers, stilts, avocets, plovers, and sandpipers. They are familiar birds of seashores, mudflats, tundra, and other wetlands, but they also occur in deserts, high mountains, forests, and agricultural fields. Widespread loss and alteration of these habitats, especially wetlands and grasslands during the past 150 years, coupled with unregulated sh

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides are used widely in agricultural and residential applications as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and rodenticides. This family of chemicals replaced the organochlorine pesticides banned for use in the United States in the 1970's. Unlike organochlorine pesticides, which are long-lived in the environment and cause biological damage when they accumu

Reports of anthropogenic environmental contaminants affecting free-ranging wildlife first began to accumulate during the Industrial Revolution of the 1850s. early reports included cases of arsenic and lead shot ingestion, and industrial smokestack emission toxicity. One early report described the death of fallow deer (Dama dama) due to arsenic emissions from a silver foundry in Germany in 1887, wh

Management of gray wolves (Canis lupus) and their prey in interior Alaska has been controversial for three decades (Harbo and Dean 1983). Recently, debate was rekindled with renewed interest in wolf control to bolster two populations of caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Our research in Denali National Park provides insights into the declines in caribou numbers over the last few years that are the basis

Estuaries are transitional ecosystems at the interface of the terrestrial and marine realms. Their unique physiographic position gives rise to large spatial variability, and to dynamic temporal variability resulting, in part, from a variety of forces and fluxes at the oceanic and terrestrial boundaries. River flow, in particular, is an important mechanism for delivering watershed-derived materials

No abstract available.

The accumulation of radon indoors is commonly due to movement of radon from adjacent soil and rock into a building foundation through joints, utility openings, cracks, or porous block walls. When air pressure inside the building is lower than that in the soil, pressure-driven flow of radonbearing soil gas can occur (see Chapter 2). Whether or not an indoor radon problem results depends on: (1) the

No abstract available.

Recent investigations provide new insight on the structural chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwater environments and the role of these structures in contaminant binding. Molecular models of DOM derived from allochthonous and autochthonous sources show that short-chain, branched, and alicyclic structures are terminated by carboxyl or methyl groups in DOM from both sources. Allocht

No abstract available