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The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
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Tsunamis: stochastic models of occurrence and generation mechanisms
The devastating consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Japan tsunamis have led to increased research into many different aspects of the tsunami phenomenon. In this entry, we review research related to the observed complexity and uncertainty associated with tsunami generation, propagation, and occurrence described and analyzed using a variety of stochastic methods. In each case, seismogenic
Authors
Eric L. Geist, David D. Oglesby
Potassium-argon (argon-argon), structural fabrics
Definition: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of structural fabrics: The application of 40Ar/39Ar methods to date development of structural fabrics in geologic samples.
Introduction:
Structural fabrics develop during rock deformation at variable pressures (P), temperatures (T), fluid compositions (X), and time (t). Structural fabrics are represented in rocks by features such as foliations and shear zones
Authors
Michael A. Cosca
Carbonate margin, slope, and basin facies of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) in northern Alaska
The Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) consists of a carbonate platform that extends for >1000 km across northern Alaska, and diverse margin, slope, and basin facies that contain world-class deposits of Zn and Ba, notable phosphorites, and petroleum source rocks. Lithologic, paleontologic, isotopic, geochemical, and seismic data gathered from outcrop and subsurface studies during the past 20 y
Authors
Julie A. Dumoulin, Craig A. Johnson, John F. Slack, Kenneth J. Bird, Michael T. Whalen, Thomas E. Moore, Anita G. Harris, Paul B. O'Sullivan
Connectivity in the tropical coastal seascape: Implications for marine spatial planning and resource management
No abstract available.
Authors
John C. Ogden, Ivan Nagelkerken, Carole C. McIvor
Lesser Scaup
No abstract available.
Authors
Michael J. Anteau, Jean-Michel DeVink, David N. Koons, Jane E. Austin, Christine M. Custer, Alan D. Afton
Biodemography of ectothermic tetrapods provides insights into the evolution and plasticity of mortality patterns
No abstract available.
Authors
David A. W. Miller, Fredric J. Janzen, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Anne M. Bronikowski
Stochastic ground motion simulation
Strong earthquake ground motion records are fundamental in engineering applications. Ground motion time series are used in response-history dynamic analysis of structural or geotechnical systems. In such analysis, the validity of predicted responses depends on the validity of the input excitations. Ground motion records are also used to develop ground motion prediction equations(GMPEs) for intensi
Authors
Sanaz Rezaeian, Sun Xiaodan
Identifying sources of aeolian mineral dust: Present and past
Aeolian mineral dust is an important component of the Earth’s environmental systems, playing roles in the planetary radiation balance, as a source of fertilizer for biota in both terrestrial and marine realms and as an archive for understanding atmospheric circulation and paleoclimate in the geologic past. Crucial to understanding all of these roles of dust is the identification of dust sources. H
Authors
Daniel R Muhs, Joseph M Prospero, Matthew C Baddock, Thomas E Gill
Sampling from living organisms
Living organisms, unlike inanimate surfaces, seem to exert some control over their surface microbiota, in many cases maintaining conserved, species-specific microbial communities. Microbial ecologists seek to characterize and identify these microbes to understand the roles they are playing in the larger organism's biology.
Authors
Christina A. Kellogg
Inter-sectoral conflict and recreational fisheries of the developing world : opportunities and challenges for co-operation
The recreational fishing sector is growing rapidly in the developing world with the potential to realize economic benefits estimated at tens of billions of dollars annually. These opportunities are accompanied by numerous ecological risks such as overfishing and habitat disturbance. To date, there has been little focus on sociological issues surrounding the growth of recreational fisheries in thes
Authors
Shannon D. Bower, Vivian M. Nguyen, Andy J. Danylchuk, T. Douglas Beard, Steven J. Cooke
Viral erythrocytic necrosis
Viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN), originally termed piscine erythrocytic necrosis, is a condition that has been reported to affect the red blood cells (RBCs) of many species of marine and anadromous fishes in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Nicholson and Reno 1981; Smail 1982; Wolf 1988; Dannevig and Thorud 1999). Fish with VEN may develop a severe anemia that can reduce their stamina, pred
Authors
James R. Winton, Paul K. Hershberger
Uranium series, volcanic rocks
Application of U-series dating to volcanic rocks provides unique and valuable information about the absolute timing of crystallization and differentiation of magmas prior to eruption. The 238U–230Th and 230Th-226Ra methods are the most commonly employed for dating the crystallization of mafic to silicic magmas that erupt at volcanoes. Dates derived from the U–Th and Ra–Th methods reflect crystalli
Authors
Jorge A. Vazquez