Publications

BackgroundVolcanic plumes are complex environments composed of gases and ash particles, where chemical and physical processes occur at different temperature and compositional regimes. Commonly, soluble sulphate- and chloride-bearing salts are formed on ash as gases interact with ash surfaces. Exposure to respirable volcanic ash following an eruption is potentially a significant health concern. The

Galeras - an andesitic stratovolcano part of the Galeras Volcanic Complex - is one of the most active volcanoes in Colombia. Historic activity is centered on a small-volume cone inside the youngest amphitheater, which breaches the west flank of the volcano. At least 30 confirmed eruption periods have been recorded in the past 480 years, with episodes of unrest ranging from weak fumarolic activity

Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small, rapidly recurring slip events that occur on the deep extensions of some major faults. Their collective activation is often observed as a semi-continuous signal known as tectonic (or non-volcanic) tremor. This manuscript presents a catalog of more than 1 million LFEs detected along the central San Andreas Fault from 2001-2016. These events have been de

Most volcanoes worldwide are not monitored in real-time; for those that are, patterns of pre-eruptive earthquakes coupled with conceptual models of magma ascent enable short-term forecasting of eruption onset. Basic event locations, characterization of background seismicity, and recognition of changes in earthquake types and energy release are most important to successful eruption forecasting. Dur

Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, is renowned as one of the most active and closely monitored volcanoes on Earth. Scores of seismometers and deformation sensors form an array across the volcano to detect subsurface magmatic activity, and ground observers track eruptions on the surface. In addition to this dense ground-based monitoring, remote sensing – both airborne and spaceborne – has become a backbone

The Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption from the middle East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano began in January 1983 with intermittent activity along several fissures. By June 1983, the eruption had localized at the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent and the activity settled into an increasingly regular pattern of brief eruptive episodes characterized by high lava fountains. The first 18 months of the eruption (episodes 1–20) are chronicl

We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne remote-sensing observations to detect ecological responses to elevated CO2emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were exploited, along with in situ measurements of persistent vo

Diverse welding, crystallization, and structural features develop when a hot ignimbrite encounters external water, depending largely on volatile-rock ratios. Such processes are spectacularly documented by a regional ignimbrite, where ponded within an older caldera in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Interaction of hot pyroclastic flows with moist underlying sediments or standing water in a stream

Kīlauea Volcano is an archetype for the complex interactions that can occur between a volcano’s summit and flanks. Decades of monitoring at Kīlauea have demonstrated that magma rises beneath the summit and flows laterally at shallow depths to erupt along the rift zones. Kīlauea’s recent eruptions at Halema‘uma‘u and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō mark the first time in the historic record that long-term (>1 year) er

Mafic volcanic fields are widespread, but few have erupted in historic times, providing limited observations of the magnitudes, dynamics, and timescales of lava flow emplacement in these settings. To expand our knowledge of effusive mafic eruptions, we must evaluate solidified flows to discern syn-eruptive conditions. The Harrat Rahat volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia offers a good opportunit

We document the composition of a natural zircon gemstone sourced from Madagascar, MAD‐559 – a new reference material for calibrating trace element mass fractions in zircon measured by SIMS. The composition of MAD‐559 was quantified by calibration relative to the well‐documented zircon reference material 91500, for which we compiled existing published data (Mg, Al, Y, rare earth elements, Hf, U, Th

We present multitechnique U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic data from zircon separated from rapakivi biotite granite within the Eocene Golden Horn batholith in Washington, USA. A weighted mean of twenty-five Th-corrected 206Pb/238U zircon dates produced at two independent laboratories using chemical abrasion-isotope dilution-thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) is 48.106 ± 0.023 Ma (