Results

Ecoregions have been developed and are being used to study the place dependency of environmental processes, including anthropogenic transformations of the land surface. Ecoregions are also the basis for reporting on the status and trends of land cover and land cover change. As a geographic framework that is useful for studying the response of the environment to human activities, ecoregions form a...

Because they are a natural partitioning of the land surface, watersheds have been used extensively to study and report on environmental conditions. As such, they provide another useful way to view and present the extent of topographic changes. The connectivity of watersheds may be an important condition when assessing the impacts of land surface transformations. For instance, an important...

The spatial distribution of the topographic change polygons across the states is shown in the figure below. Some noteworthy patterns seen on the map are a dense concentration of polygons in eastern Kentucky and southern West Virginia, a distinct cluster of polygons in northern Minnesota, several larger groups of polygons in Wyoming and southern Arizona, a concentration of polygons in the highly...

Topographic change due to landfill operations has been observed based on some of the features delineated by the elevation differencing and thresholding process. The resulting altered landforms from landfills differ from other anthropogenic activities in that much of the deposited material is not rock and soil that had been previously excavated but man-made material that has been transported to the...

Hydrologic interference is a primary direct anthropogenic process, and dam construction is one type of interference that usually has obvious effects. Certainly, earth materials are moved during dam construction, but the larger impact is the inundation by the reservoir behind the dam.

The importance of urban development (including building construction and associated road construction) as a human geomorphic process has been recognized as a primary input for calculations of the total amount of material moved by humans. The topographic change polygon dataset includes many features that are the result of earth-moving operations for urban development.

Road construction is one of the primary activities in which humans move large quantities of earth materials. The importance of road construction as a major anthropogenic process is evidenced in the literature in its use as one of only a few factors to calculate the total human geomorphic impact on the environment. Case studies indicate that the cuts and fills required to create flat ground for...

According to the label assigned from the NLCD to each change polygon, mining is the predominant land use/land cover represented in the topographic change inventory. This is not surprising, as surface mining operations have been previously identified in the literature as the largest direct anthropogenic process in terms of the amount of material moved. Further evidence of the dominance of mining as...

The primary result of the data processing explained in the Methods section is a polygon feature dataset that locates and describes the areas in the conterminous United States that have experienced significant topographic change during the 20th century.