An annotated bibliography of devices developed for direct measurement of seepage

The need for information on the interrelationship of groundwater and surface water is causing a growing interest in methods used for direct measurement of seepage to and from surface-water bodies. Instruments developed for measurement of seepage date from about the mid 1940 's largely in response to the need for knowing the quantity of seepage loss from canals. This bibliography includes abstracts, summaries, or conclusions from papers describing seepage measurement devices. Illustrations of the instruments are included. (USGS)