First evidence of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush spawning aggregation in Ohio waters of Lake Erie following reintroduction

Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, an important apex predator native to Lake Erie, were extirpated by 1965 due to overexploitation, introduction of invasive species, and habitat degradation. Cooperative lake-wide lake trout stocking has been ongoing since 1982, with stocking strategies adapting as research identifies the age at stocking, locations, and strains that optimize the recovery of lake trout. Despite these efforts, limited evidence of lake trout spawning has been documented in the western half of Lake Erie. On 20 November 2023, n = 99 lake trout were captured via gillnet in Fairport Harbor, Ohio. This sample consisted largely of ripe adults (79.4 %) that were likely spawning within the vicinity of Fairport Harbor. Coded wire tags recovered from these fish revealed that most of these lake trout had been stocked in Fairport Harbor (99.0 %), were of the Seneca Lake strain (92.7 %), and were stocked as age-1 fish (93.7 %). This study demonstrates the survival of fish from Fairport Harbor stockings, suggests evidence of stocking-site fidelity, supports the stocking of the Seneca Lake strain, and suggests that stocking age-1 lake trout may have advantages over younger life stages. Most importantly, this study demonstrates that lake trout are likely spawning near Fairport Harbor. These findings can guide future studies that identify lake trout spawning habitat, recruitment bottlenecks, movement, and stocking-site fidelity in Lake Erie and can be used to inform future recovery strategies.