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Naturally occurring vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) Whisker growth of germanium sulfide

January 1, 1974

The first naturally occurring terrestrial example of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth has been observed in condensates from gases released by burning coal in culm banks. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive analysis indicate that the crystals consist of elongated rods (≈ 100 μm) of germanium sulfide capped by bulbs depleted in germanium.

    Publication Year 1974
    Title Naturally occurring vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) Whisker growth of germanium sulfide
    DOI 10.1016/0022-0248(74)90132-8
    Authors R. B. Finkelman, R.R. Larson, E.J. Dwornik
    Publication Type Article
    Publication Subtype Journal Article
    Series Title Journal of Crystal Growth
    Index ID 70010255
    Record Source USGS Publications Warehouse