Some rates of geomorphological processes

This brief report summarizes three sets of measurement data on certain processes.

The first concerns the rate of movement of soil on hillslopes, especially by mass movement or slow gravitational creep. The results are abstracted from an unpublished manuscript by the junior author who reports on the measurements which Leopold began 10 or more years ago and to which in more recent years Emmett has added new sites and has carried on the annual remeasurement. The results are those from "mass-movement lines", which consist of a series of pins or iron rods, 10 inches (25 cm) long driven vertically into the ground along a straight line-of-sight, secured at each end with stiff iron posts. The Survey consists of setting a theodolite over one of the end bench marks and orienting on the other. The distance of each individual pin from the line of sight is recorded. Resurveys are usually made annually.