The type-species of Tribolbina Latham, 1932, T. carnegiei, and T. gigantea (Jones, Kirkby, and Brady, 1884) are redefined and reillustrated, and lectotypes for both are designated. T. permiana (Kellett, 1933) and T. tumida (Scott and Borger, 1941) are also redefined and reillustrated. Beyrichiana Kellett, 1933, is considered a junior subjective synonym of Tribolbina Latham, 1932. On the basis of abundant silicified specimens from the Permian of Greece, T. doescheri n. sp. is described, and T. aff. T. doescheri and T. sp. 1 are illustrated. The stratigraphic range of Tribolbina as redefined is lower Carboniferous through Permian, and its known distribution is Europe and North America where representatives lived in shallow seas. Tribolbinidae and Tribolbinecea are established as new suprageneric categories in the Palaeocopida for Tribolbina and the Silurian Kolmodinia Martinsson, 1962.