Variations in regional traveltimes

Precise epicentral location of a seismic event is made difficult by variations in regional traveltimes. A discussion is presented on delays to be expected in the various segments of a generalized travel path of seismic waves. Traveltime variations caused by changes in crustal structure and velocity introduce a major part of the uncertainty in traveltime at both the seismic source and receiver. Consideration of geologic factors that tend to be related to crustal thickness and mantle velocity may permit an estimate of the amount of delay introduced at the source. Delay at the seismic receiving stations can be determined and corrected for by a study of crustal thickness and a calibration of the velocity structure under the stations.