Several decades ago, USGS EROS employees were pioneers in land cover mapping—turning satellite imagery into a record of what covers the land, from farmland to forest to urban areas. National and global datasets with a variety of uses resulted from these efforts.
Annual National Land Cover Database
Annual NLCD Collection 1.1, including products for 2024, coming summer 2025
Reference and Validation
Annual NLCD Collection 1 Reference and Validation data publication coming summer 2025
Land cover is foundational information for land managers, scientists, and the general public. Many types of scientific studies have applied annual land cover information including projecting future land use, documenting forest fragmentation or conservation practices, modeling wildfire hazards, tracking water quality and quantity, and understanding change in wildlife habitat and ecosystem disturbance/disease.
The Annual National Land Cover Database (NLCD) has harnessed the full Landsat data record to provide timely, long-term, and detailed land surface change information. Annual NLCD uses an ensemble of classification and change algorithms to map, monitor, and synthesize the complexities of land use, cover, and condition change through time. The Annual NLCD product suite offers data that describe nationwide land cover and land change over nearly four decades. A new generation of USGS Land Cover mapping, introduced in the Annual NLCD Collection 1 release, leverages advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques and runs within high-performance computing and cloud processing environments.

About Annual NLCD
Annual NLCD is a new generation of land cover mapping that offers annual land cover and land change science products nationwide with nearly four decades of data. Click on the link below to learn more about Annual NLCD.
Annual NLCD Science Products
Annual NLCD project has generated a product suite of six geospatial raster land use and land cover science products for the conterminous United States ranging from 1985-2023. There will be annual release of NLCD science products. Check out the Science Product User Guide for in-depth information about Annual NLCD.
Data Access
A suite of six annual integrated land cover and land surface change products are available for the conterminous United States. Products for Alaska and Hawaii are planned. The product suite provides powerful time-series information at a 30-m spatial resolution about annual land cover and its change across time. Products can be accessed via the data access page.
Reference and Validation
Validation of land cover and land cover change information is essential for providing authoritative products to our user community. Validation reports provide estimates of the accuracies and uncertainties of the NLCD land cover products and are derived from well-documented independent reference data. Processing flows, product specifications, uncertainties and known issues are published in validation reports to ensure consistency. See the Reference and Validation products page for more information.
Science Product User Guide
Additional information on Annual NLCD and Annual NLCD science products can be found in the Science User Product Guide. The Science User Product Guide contains in-depth information about Annual NLCD including characteristics of the science products, algorithm description, and accuracy assessment.
Citation
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024, Annual NLCD Collection 1 Science Products: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94UXNTS
USGS EROS Facebook
USGS EROS Instagram
USGS EROS X (Twitter)
USGS Land Cover Newsletter
These are related science efforts related to Annual NLCD.
Eyes on Earth Episode 126 – Annual NLCD
Data releases for Annual NLCD.
The New Annual (1985-2023) National Land Cover Database: Improving on a 30-Year Legacy
This video is a recording of a previous webinar entitled: “The New Annual (1985-2023) National Land Cover Database: Improving on a 30-year Legacy.” This webinar was recorded on October 24, 2024 at the USGS EROS. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center maintains one of the largest civilian collection of images of the Earth’s land surface. At...



Several decades ago, USGS EROS employees were pioneers in land cover mapping—turning satellite imagery into a record of what covers the land, from farmland to forest to urban areas. National and global datasets with a variety of uses resulted from these efforts.
Look at the Annual NLCD fact sheet and view other publications through the years.
Annual NLCD (National Land Cover Database)—The next generation of land cover mapping
A comprehensive change detection method for updating the National Land Cover Database to circa 2011
Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface
Thematic accuracy of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 land cover for Alaska
Change of impervious surface area between 2001 and 2006 in the conterminous United States
Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous united states
Thematic accuracy of the NLCD 2001 land cover for the conterminous United States
Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods
Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States
Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States
News items related to Annual NLCD.
USGS Releases New Products that Map Four Decades of Land Cover Change
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
United States
USGS EROS User Services
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
Land cover is foundational information for land managers, scientists, and the general public. Many types of scientific studies have applied annual land cover information including projecting future land use, documenting forest fragmentation or conservation practices, modeling wildfire hazards, tracking water quality and quantity, and understanding change in wildlife habitat and ecosystem disturbance/disease.
The Annual National Land Cover Database (NLCD) has harnessed the full Landsat data record to provide timely, long-term, and detailed land surface change information. Annual NLCD uses an ensemble of classification and change algorithms to map, monitor, and synthesize the complexities of land use, cover, and condition change through time. The Annual NLCD product suite offers data that describe nationwide land cover and land change over nearly four decades. A new generation of USGS Land Cover mapping, introduced in the Annual NLCD Collection 1 release, leverages advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques and runs within high-performance computing and cloud processing environments.

About Annual NLCD
Annual NLCD is a new generation of land cover mapping that offers annual land cover and land change science products nationwide with nearly four decades of data. Click on the link below to learn more about Annual NLCD.
Annual NLCD Science Products
Annual NLCD project has generated a product suite of six geospatial raster land use and land cover science products for the conterminous United States ranging from 1985-2023. There will be annual release of NLCD science products. Check out the Science Product User Guide for in-depth information about Annual NLCD.
Data Access
A suite of six annual integrated land cover and land surface change products are available for the conterminous United States. Products for Alaska and Hawaii are planned. The product suite provides powerful time-series information at a 30-m spatial resolution about annual land cover and its change across time. Products can be accessed via the data access page.
Reference and Validation
Validation of land cover and land cover change information is essential for providing authoritative products to our user community. Validation reports provide estimates of the accuracies and uncertainties of the NLCD land cover products and are derived from well-documented independent reference data. Processing flows, product specifications, uncertainties and known issues are published in validation reports to ensure consistency. See the Reference and Validation products page for more information.
Science Product User Guide
Additional information on Annual NLCD and Annual NLCD science products can be found in the Science User Product Guide. The Science User Product Guide contains in-depth information about Annual NLCD including characteristics of the science products, algorithm description, and accuracy assessment.
Citation
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2024, Annual NLCD Collection 1 Science Products: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94UXNTS
USGS EROS Facebook
USGS EROS Instagram
USGS EROS X (Twitter)
USGS Land Cover Newsletter
These are related science efforts related to Annual NLCD.
Eyes on Earth Episode 126 – Annual NLCD
Data releases for Annual NLCD.
The New Annual (1985-2023) National Land Cover Database: Improving on a 30-Year Legacy
This video is a recording of a previous webinar entitled: “The New Annual (1985-2023) National Land Cover Database: Improving on a 30-year Legacy.” This webinar was recorded on October 24, 2024 at the USGS EROS. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center maintains one of the largest civilian collection of images of the Earth’s land surface. At...


Several decades ago, USGS EROS employees were pioneers in land cover mapping—turning satellite imagery into a record of what covers the land, from farmland to forest to urban areas. National and global datasets with a variety of uses resulted from these efforts.

Several decades ago, USGS EROS employees were pioneers in land cover mapping—turning satellite imagery into a record of what covers the land, from farmland to forest to urban areas. National and global datasets with a variety of uses resulted from these efforts.
Look at the Annual NLCD fact sheet and view other publications through the years.
Annual NLCD (National Land Cover Database)—The next generation of land cover mapping
A comprehensive change detection method for updating the National Land Cover Database to circa 2011
Accuracy assessment of NLCD 2006 land cover and impervious surface
Thematic accuracy of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 land cover for Alaska
Change of impervious surface area between 2001 and 2006 in the conterminous United States
Completion of the 2006 national land cover database for the conterminous united states
Thematic accuracy of the NLCD 2001 land cover for the conterminous United States
Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods
Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States
Development of a 2001 National Land Cover Database for the United States
News items related to Annual NLCD.
USGS Releases New Products that Map Four Decades of Land Cover Change
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
United States