Aurora borealis display evokes the beauty of the Arctic, as well as the geomagnetic field intensity actively monitored by USGS scientists.
What is a magnetic storm?
A magnetic storm is a period of rapid magnetic field variation. It can last from hours to days.
Magnetic storms have two basic causes:
- The Sun sometimes emits a strong surge of solar wind called a coronal mass ejection. This gust of solar wind disturbs the outer part of the Earth's magnetic field, which undergoes a complex oscillation. This generates associated electric currents in the near-Earth space environment, which in turn generates additional magnetic field variations -- all of which constitute a "magnetic storm."
- Occasionally, the Sun's magnetic field directly links with that of the Earth. This direct magnetic connection is not the normal state of affairs. When it occurs, charged particles traveling along magnetic field lines can easily enter the magnetosphere, generate currents, and cause the magnetic field to undergo time dependent variation.
Sometimes the Sun emits a coronal mass ejection at a time when the magnetic field lines of the Earth and Sun are directly connected. When these events occur, we can experience a truly large magnetic storm.
Learn more:
Related
Are earthquakes associated with variations in the geomagnetic field?
Are we about to have a magnetic reversal?
Could magnetic reversals be caused by meteorite or comet impacts?
Do animals use the magnetic field for orientation?
Do any mass extinctions correlate with magnetic reversals?
Does the Earth's magnetic field affect human health?
How does the Earth's core generate a magnetic field?
Is it true that Earth's magnetic field occasionally reverses its polarity?
Do solar flares or magnetic storms (space weather) cause earthquakes?
What are the hazards of magnetic storms?
Why measure the magnetic field at the Earth's surface? Wouldn't satellites be better suited for space-weather studies?

Aurora borealis display evokes the beauty of the Arctic, as well as the geomagnetic field intensity actively monitored by USGS scientists.
Space weather can have important consequences for our lives, such as interference with radio communication, GPS systems, electric power grids, the operation and orientation of satellites, oil and gas drilling, and even air travel as high altitude pilots and astronauts can be subjected to enhanced levels of radiation.
Space weather can have important consequences for our lives, such as interference with radio communication, GPS systems, electric power grids, the operation and orientation of satellites, oil and gas drilling, and even air travel as high altitude pilots and astronauts can be subjected to enhanced levels of radiation.
Absolutes building at Sitka magnetic observatory Alaska.
Absolutes building at Sitka magnetic observatory Alaska.
Commo shack at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Commo shack at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Absolutes pier curing at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Absolutes pier curing at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Jeff Fox using a theodolite at the Boulder geomagnetic observatory.
Jeff Fox using a theodolite at the Boulder geomagnetic observatory.
USGS scientist Duane Champion explains the Earth's geomagnetic qualities and the potential for and possible consequences of a geomagnetic shift.
The solar cycle, geology, and geoelectric hazards for power grids
Geomagnetism Program research plan, 2020–2024
Magnetic monitoring in Saguaro National Park
The Boulder magnetic observatory
U.S. Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation
Monitoring the Earth's dynamic magnetic field
On the watch for geomagnetic storms
Related
Are earthquakes associated with variations in the geomagnetic field?
Are we about to have a magnetic reversal?
Could magnetic reversals be caused by meteorite or comet impacts?
Do animals use the magnetic field for orientation?
Do any mass extinctions correlate with magnetic reversals?
Does the Earth's magnetic field affect human health?
How does the Earth's core generate a magnetic field?
Is it true that Earth's magnetic field occasionally reverses its polarity?
Do solar flares or magnetic storms (space weather) cause earthquakes?
What are the hazards of magnetic storms?
Why measure the magnetic field at the Earth's surface? Wouldn't satellites be better suited for space-weather studies?

Aurora borealis display evokes the beauty of the Arctic, as well as the geomagnetic field intensity actively monitored by USGS scientists.
Aurora borealis display evokes the beauty of the Arctic, as well as the geomagnetic field intensity actively monitored by USGS scientists.
Space weather can have important consequences for our lives, such as interference with radio communication, GPS systems, electric power grids, the operation and orientation of satellites, oil and gas drilling, and even air travel as high altitude pilots and astronauts can be subjected to enhanced levels of radiation.
Space weather can have important consequences for our lives, such as interference with radio communication, GPS systems, electric power grids, the operation and orientation of satellites, oil and gas drilling, and even air travel as high altitude pilots and astronauts can be subjected to enhanced levels of radiation.
Absolutes building at Sitka magnetic observatory Alaska.
Absolutes building at Sitka magnetic observatory Alaska.
Commo shack at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Commo shack at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Absolutes pier curing at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Absolutes pier curing at Deadhorse geomagnetic observatory.
Jeff Fox using a theodolite at the Boulder geomagnetic observatory.
Jeff Fox using a theodolite at the Boulder geomagnetic observatory.
USGS scientist Duane Champion explains the Earth's geomagnetic qualities and the potential for and possible consequences of a geomagnetic shift.