An example of the shoreline data for La Jolla Shores, used in the CoSMoS-COAST model. The many squiggly colored lines indicate the changing shoreline location through time [basemaps from Google Earth].
Images
![2 images of the California shore with squiggly lines drawn to show shoreline position change through time](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/BeachesFig6_LaJollaShores.jpg?itok=ZcqGT43M)
An example of the shoreline data for La Jolla Shores, used in the CoSMoS-COAST model. The many squiggly colored lines indicate the changing shoreline location through time [basemaps from Google Earth].
![Map of subsea permafrost. Inset map shows location in Alaska and Canada. Map's red line shows actual permafrost extent](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/r-pressrelease.jpg?itok=4HMQL98p)
Map of subsea permafrost distributions on the U.S. and Canadian Arctic Ocean margin. The inset map shows the location of the larger map. Subsea permafrost on the Canadian margin was delineated in the 1980s (blue curve). The red curve on the U.S.
Map of subsea permafrost distributions on the U.S. and Canadian Arctic Ocean margin. The inset map shows the location of the larger map. Subsea permafrost on the Canadian margin was delineated in the 1980s (blue curve). The red curve on the U.S.
![A man and woman kneel behind a drone in a field with black plastic planting rows prepped, and domes in the distance](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/Jon_Sandy_drone_camp.jpg?itok=W0GQM0MB)
Sandy Brosnahan (left) and Jon Borden at Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) training in Santa Cruz, California.
Sandy Brosnahan (left) and Jon Borden at Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) training in Santa Cruz, California.
![A man stands near the beach in front of a shrub, holding a controller, with a drone flying over the beach behind him](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/IMG_1127.jpg?itok=MoiqSb1r)
Shawn Harrison uses his new skills to check out the surf at Santa Cruz, California.
Shawn Harrison uses his new skills to check out the surf at Santa Cruz, California.
The 3DR Solo with GoPro Hero4 camera and gimbal. Coming to a survey area near you soon.
The 3DR Solo with GoPro Hero4 camera and gimbal. Coming to a survey area near you soon.
Marine geology enthusiasts at the Council for Geoscience (CGS) conference.
Marine geology enthusiasts at the Council for Geoscience (CGS) conference.
![Underwater photo of a vast area of dead corals on the seafloor at Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/BuckIsland3Curt-StorlazziUSGS.jpg?itok=V9Z8BcsJ)
Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) on the seafloor along the northeastern coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves, and erosion.
Elkhorn corals (Acropora palmata) on the seafloor along the northeastern coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, have died and collapsed into rubble. As coral reef structure degrades, habitat for marine life is lost and nearby coastlines become more susceptible to storms, waves, and erosion.
![A view of healthy elkhorn corals on the seafloor in the U.S. Virgin Islands](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/buckisland1curt_storlazziusgs.jpg?itok=x6B6GUh5)
Healthy elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) on the seafloor along the southeastern coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. Elkhorn coral is one of many important reef-building species that create 3D structure on the seafloor. Coral reef structure provides habitat for marine life and helps break up waves as they approach the coastline.
Healthy elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) on the seafloor along the southeastern coast of Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. Elkhorn coral is one of many important reef-building species that create 3D structure on the seafloor. Coral reef structure provides habitat for marine life and helps break up waves as they approach the coastline.
![Eroding bluffs on Moss Landing State Beach, California, in March 2016](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/PowerMossLandingMar2016_Hoover.jpg?itok=EyBgkxbN)
Eroding bluffs on Moss Landing State Beach, California, March 2016
Eroding bluffs on Moss Landing State Beach, California, March 2016
![A man in a blue jacket wearing a GPS backpack holds a walking stick on a beach with calm surf in the background](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/MendHarrisonIMG2024desLG.jpg?itok=7AMkxFk-)
Shawn Harrison uses a GPS-equipped backpack to measure sand elevations during a post-storm survey of beaches in Santa Cruz, California.
Shawn Harrison uses a GPS-equipped backpack to measure sand elevations during a post-storm survey of beaches in Santa Cruz, California.
![3 different views created using multibeam bathymetry data show the fault in bright colors](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/NewSeafloorImage4white.jpg?itok=21NuQBu2)
Perspective views of multibeam bathymetry data acquired by the USGS aboard the R/V Medeia. Shallower depths in red. Arrows point to the distinct line in the seafloor associated with the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault.
Perspective views of multibeam bathymetry data acquired by the USGS aboard the R/V Medeia. Shallower depths in red. Arrows point to the distinct line in the seafloor associated with the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault.
![Researchers work on their video-camera station atop a hotel in Santa Cruz, California](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/Eyes1_optA-2crDEScv.jpg?itok=8G-HkDaS)
Gerry Hatcher (left) and Shawn Harrison work on their video-camera station atop a hotel in Santa Cruz, California.
Gerry Hatcher (left) and Shawn Harrison work on their video-camera station atop a hotel in Santa Cruz, California.
![Images of Madeira Beach, Florida, from video taken June 20, 2017](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/Eyes3AB-Jun.20_18_00_00.GMT_.2017.madbeach.c1.snapDESau_ctr.jpg?itok=xX6d3Poi)
Views of Madeira Beach, Florida, produced from a 17-minute video shot on June 20, 2017. Left: Snapshot, or first frame of video. Right: Time-averaged image, sometimes called a “timex,” created by averaging the intensity of light recorded at each spot, or “pixel,” during the 17-minute video.
Views of Madeira Beach, Florida, produced from a 17-minute video shot on June 20, 2017. Left: Snapshot, or first frame of video. Right: Time-averaged image, sometimes called a “timex,” created by averaging the intensity of light recorded at each spot, or “pixel,” during the 17-minute video.
![Views of Cowells Beach in Santa Cruz, California, from a 10-minute video shot on May 6, 2017](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/Eyes4AB-1494111600.c2.snapDES.jpg?itok=_38jNLcA)
Views of Cowells Beach in Santa Cruz, California, from a 10-minute video shot on May 6, 2017. Snapshot (first frame in video) on left; time-averaged image on right.
Views of Cowells Beach in Santa Cruz, California, from a 10-minute video shot on May 6, 2017. Snapshot (first frame in video) on left; time-averaged image on right.
![“Variance” images derived from videos of Madeira Beach (left) and Cowells Beach (right)](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/Eyes6AB-Jun.20_18_00_00.GMT_.2017.madbeach.c1.varDESau_ctr.jpg?itok=M2P5ToBi)
“Variance” images derived from the same videos used in the studies. Left, Madeira Beach; right, Cowells Beach. In a variance image, the more variation in light intensity at a given pixel, the brighter the value assigned to that pixel. Bright areas indicate many changes in light intensity, caused by a lot of movement.
“Variance” images derived from the same videos used in the studies. Left, Madeira Beach; right, Cowells Beach. In a variance image, the more variation in light intensity at a given pixel, the brighter the value assigned to that pixel. Bright areas indicate many changes in light intensity, caused by a lot of movement.
Fieldtrip participants at the former San Clemente Dam site.
Fieldtrip participants at the former San Clemente Dam site.
![3 close-up views of the toe of the Mud Creek landslide created from air photos after the landslide](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/BigSur3_3-panels.jpg?itok=UwuMJZzt)
Close-up views of the toe of the Mud Creek landslide created from air photos taken May 27 (top), June 13 (middle), and June 26 (bottom). Caltrans built roads on top of the slide for assessment and monitoring activities.
Close-up views of the toe of the Mud Creek landslide created from air photos taken May 27 (top), June 13 (middle), and June 26 (bottom). Caltrans built roads on top of the slide for assessment and monitoring activities.
![Topographic-change image produced by comparing 3D map derived from May 27 air photos with that derived from June 13 air photos](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/BigSur3d_05_27to06_26Change1.jpg?itok=RdwLCZ8X)
Topographic-change image produced by comparing 3D map derived from May 27 air photos with that derived from June 13 air photos. Note that material has eroded from the seaward edge of the toe (yellow and orange tones), and material has built up on beaches to either side of the slide (blue tones).
Topographic-change image produced by comparing 3D map derived from May 27 air photos with that derived from June 13 air photos. Note that material has eroded from the seaward edge of the toe (yellow and orange tones), and material has built up on beaches to either side of the slide (blue tones).
Pilot Bob Van Wagenen and the Cessna 182R he flies when taking air photos for the USGS Remote Sensing Coastal Change Project.
Pilot Bob Van Wagenen and the Cessna 182R he flies when taking air photos for the USGS Remote Sensing Coastal Change Project.
![erry Hatcher with the system he designed to record the precise time and geographic location of each air photo Van Wagenen shoots](https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/styles/masonry/public/thumbnails/image/BigSur4bFromBrBgPDF.jpg?itok=cE6aGyip)
Gerry Hatcher with the system he designed to record the precise time and geographic location of each air photo Van Wagenen shoots.
Gerry Hatcher with the system he designed to record the precise time and geographic location of each air photo Van Wagenen shoots.
Big Sur coast. Red squares mark some of the sites damaged by 2016–17 winter storms, including Mud Creek and Paul’s Slide areas.
Big Sur coast. Red squares mark some of the sites damaged by 2016–17 winter storms, including Mud Creek and Paul’s Slide areas.