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HYPOELLIPSE; a computer program for determining local earthquake hypocentral parameters, magnitude, and first-motion pattern

This report provides Fortran source code and program manuals for HYPOELLIPSE, a computer program for determining hypocenters and magnitudes of near regional earthquakes and the ellipsoids that enclose the 68-percent confidence volumes of the computed hypocenters. HYPOELLIPSE was developed to meet the needs of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists studying crustal and sub-crustal earthquakes rec
Authors
John C. Lahr

New strategy needed in earthquake, volcano monitoring

Recent advances in space geodesy provide unprecedented opportunities for measuring and understanding processes related to earthquake occurrence and volcanic eruptions in the United States and elsewhere. The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses Earth-orbiting satellites to obtain relative movements of ground points accurate to a few millimeters, either through periodically repeated surveys or by co
Authors
Wayne R. Thatcher

Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley

Geologic mapping combined with the tephrochronology of spatially isolated sedimentary sections along the western Black Mountains piedmont adjacent the Death Valley fault zone (DVFZ) improves the late Cenozoic stratigraphy from relative age to correlated age. Pliocene tephra layers identified in Funeral Formation conglomerates at Artist Drive and Copper Canyon include a “Nomlaki-like” tephra bed (c
Authors
Jeffrey R. Knott, Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki, C.E. Meyer, John Tinsley, S. G. Wells, Elmira Wan

Yucca Mountain as a Radioactive-Waste Repository

Yucca Mountain straddles the west boundary of the Nevada Test Site in an arid, remote, and thinly populated region of southwestern Nevada. It is the potential site of a monitored geologic repository for the Nation’s commercial and military spent nuclear fuel, high-level radioactive waste derived from reprocessing of uranium and plutonium, surplus plutonium, and other nuclear-weapons materials. (Co
Authors
Thomas C. Hanks, Isaac J. Winograd, R. Ernest Anderson, Thomas E. Reilly, Edwin P. Weeks

The "LARSE" Project - Working Toward a Safer Future for Los Angeles

The Los Angeles region is underlain by a network of active faults, including many that are deep and do not break the Earth's surface. These hidden faults include the previously unknown one responsible for the devastating January 1994 Northridge earthquake, the costliest quake in U.S. history. So that structures can be built or strengthened to withstand the quakes that are certain in the future, th
Authors
Thomas L. Henyey, Gary S. Fuis, Mark L. Benthien, Thomas R. Burdette, Shari A. Christofferson, Robert W. Clayton, Paul M. Davis, James W. Hendley, Monica D. Kohler, William J. Lutter, John K. McRaney, Janice M. Murphy, David A. Okaya, Trond Ryberg, Gerald W. Similia, Peter H. Stauffer

Real-Time Monitoring of Active Landslides

Landslides threaten lives and property in every State in the Nation. To reduce the risk from active landslides, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) develops and uses real-time landslide monitoring systems. Monitoring can detect early indications of rapid, catastrophic movement. Up-to-the-minute or real-time monitoring provides immediate notification of landslide activity, potentially saving lives an
Authors
Mark E. Reid, Richard G. LaHusen, William L. Ellis

Does Europa have a subsurface ocean? Evaluation of the geological evidence

It has been proposed that Jupiter's satellite Europa currently possesses a global subsurface ocean of liquid water. Galileo gravity data verify that the satellite is differentiated into an outer H2O layer about 100 km thick but cannot determine the current physical state of this layer (liquid or solid). Here we summarize the geological evidence regarding an extant subsurface ocean, concentrating o
Authors
Robert T. Pappalardo, Michael J.S. Belton, H.H. Breneman, M. H. Carr, Clark R. Chapman, G.C. Collins, T. Denk, S. Fagents, Paul E. Geissler, B. Giese, R. Greeley, R. Greenberg, J.W. Head, P. Helfenstein, G. Hoppa, S.D. Kadel, K.P. Klaasen, James E. Klemaszewski, K.P. Magee, Alfred S. McEwen, J.M. Moore, W.B. Moore, G. Neukum, C.B. Phillips, L.M. Prockter, G. Schubert, D.A. Senske, R.J. Sullivan, B.R. Tufts, E. P. Turtle, Robert Wagner, K.K. Williams

Observations of Phobos, Deimos, and bright stars with the Imager for Mars Pathfinder

The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) was used to observe several objects during the Martian night. The satellites, Phobos and Deimos, were observed on two occasions each, through the IMP geological filters covering the wavelength range 440 nm to 1 μm. The observations were converted to geometric albedo using triaxial ellipsoid models of the satellites and phase functions derived from Viking Orbite
Authors
Nick Thomas, D.T. Britt, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Scott L. Murchie, B. Semenov, H.U. Keller, P. H. Smith

Mars Pathfinder spectral measurements of Phobos and Deimos: Comparison with previous data

The Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) acquired four spectra of parts of the sub‐Mars hemispheres of Phobos and Deimos. The measured region of Phobos is expected to be a mixture of the two spectral units identified on that satellite from Phobos 2 data, and the IMP spectra of Phobos are intermediate to the two units as expected. The derived geometric albedo is consistent with the value for that part
Authors
Scott L. Murchie, Nick Thomas, Daniel Britt, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, James F. Bell

Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission: Launch through landing, surface operations, data sets, and science results

Mars Pathfinder successfully landed at Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997, deployed and navigated a small rover about 100 m clockwise around the lander, and collected data from three science instruments and ten technology experiments. The mission operated for three months and returned 2.3 Gbits of data, including over 16,500 lander and 550 rover images, 16 chemical analyses of rocks and soil, and 8.5 mil
Authors
M. P. Golombek, R. C. Anderson, J.R. Barnes, J. F. III Bell, N. T. Bridges, D.T. Britt, J. Brückner, R. A. Cook, D. Crisp, J.A. Crisp, T. Economou, W. M. Folkner, R. Greeley, R.M. Haberle, R.B. Hargraves, J.A. Harris, A. F. C. Haldemann, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, S.F. Hviid, R. Jaumann, J. R. Johnson, P. H. Kallemeyn, H.U. Keller, Randolph L. Kirk, J. M. Knudsen, S. Larsen, M. T. Lemmon, M.B. Madsen, J.A. Magalhães, J.N. Maki, M.C. Malin, R. M. Manning, J. Matijevic, H.Y. McSween, H. J. Moore, S.L. Murchie, J.R. Murphy, T. J. Parker, R. Rieder, T.P. Rivellini, J. T. Schofield, A. Seiff, R.B. Singer, P. H. Smith, Laurence A. Soderblom, D.A. Spencer, C. R. Stoker, R. Sullivan, N. Thomas, S.W. Thurman, M.G. Tomasko, R. M. Vaughan, H. Wänke, A. W. Ward, G.R. Wilson

Calibration formulae and values for velocity seismometers used in the 1998 Santa Clara Valley, California seismic experiment

Eaton (1975), Bakun and Dratler (1976), Eaton (1977), Healy and O’Neil (1977), Asten (1977), Stewart and O'Neill (1980), Liu and Peselnick (1986), Eaton (1991), Rodgers et al. (1995), and many others (see Asten (1977) for a list of earlier references) have presented formulae for calculating the damped generator constant (or motor constant), and the damping constant (or fractional damping ratio) fo
Authors
Allan Goddard Lindh, Jerry P. Eaton, Mary O'Neill Allen, John H. Healy, Samuel W. Stewart, Lu Damerell
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