Surveyor Frank Dodge's 1894 cross-section of Halema‘uma‘u overlaid on his 1892 cross-section. The 1892 lava lake was measured at 73 m (240 ft) below the rim of Halema‘uma‘u pit and by early-1894, the lava lake had filled the pit and frequently overflowed onto the caldera floor.
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1892 and 1894 cross-sections of Halemaʻumaʻu crater
Surveyor Frank Dodge's 1894 cross-section of Halema‘uma‘u overlaid on his 1892 cross-section. The 1892 lava lake was measured at 73 m (240 ft) below the rim of Halema‘uma‘u pit and by early-1894, the lava lake had filled the pit and frequently overflowed onto the caldera floor.
1894 view of lava flows in Kaluapele
Photograph taken on March 20, 1894 looking up at the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake perched atop a low dome on the floor of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera).
Photograph taken on March 20, 1894 looking up at the Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake perched atop a low dome on the floor of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera).
Volcano Art at Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park—A Science Perspective.
The painting by Jules Tavernier, depicting the 1880-81 lava flow from Mauna Loa as it enters a stream near Hilo, Hawaii on July 20, 1881, provided courtesy of the National Park Service, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (catalog number HAVO 806).
The painting by Jules Tavernier, depicting the 1880-81 lava flow from Mauna Loa as it enters a stream near Hilo, Hawaii on July 20, 1881, provided courtesy of the National Park Service, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (catalog number HAVO 806).
Alameda County Courthouse (Calif.) before and after 1868 Earthquake
Strong shaking during the 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake caused the second story of the Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro to collapse (photo courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California). The inset photo shows the courthouse before the quake
Strong shaking during the 1868 Hayward Fault earthquake caused the second story of the Alameda County Courthouse in San Leandro to collapse (photo courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California). The inset photo shows the courthouse before the quake