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Andrew Schwartz and Dan Hanes hold a current profiler for a study of surf-zone hydrodynamics at Ocean Beach, San Francisco.
Studying Surf-Zone Hydrodynamics
Studying Surf-Zone Hydrodynamics
Studying Surf-Zone Hydrodynamics

USGS scientists Andrew Schwartz and Dan Hanes maneuver a current profiler for a study of surf-zone hydrodynamics at Ocean Beach, on the west side of San Francisco, California. Beach erosion has been a continuing problem in this area.

USGS scientists Andrew Schwartz and Dan Hanes maneuver a current profiler for a study of surf-zone hydrodynamics at Ocean Beach, on the west side of San Francisco, California. Beach erosion has been a continuing problem in this area.

Illustration of a bay in the ocean with the water drained away, showing underwater features of a landslide in the bay.
Resurrection Bay, Alaska
Resurrection Bay, Alaska
Resurrection Bay, Alaska

Sonar-generated image showing underwater topography and the potential for landslides near the head of Resurrection Bay, Alaska. The terrain looks three times as steep as it occurs naturally. The arrow points to underwater landslide debris from the collapse of a fan-delta following the great Alaskan earthquake of 1964.

Sonar-generated image showing underwater topography and the potential for landslides near the head of Resurrection Bay, Alaska. The terrain looks three times as steep as it occurs naturally. The arrow points to underwater landslide debris from the collapse of a fan-delta following the great Alaskan earthquake of 1964.

Computer model shows undersea features as well as land in 3-D and wave patterns in the ocean near an island
Tsunami wave field in Bay of Bengal
Tsunami wave field in Bay of Bengal
Tsunami wave field in Bay of Bengal

Tsunami wave field in the Bay of Bengal one hour after the M=9.1 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, 2004. View looks to the northwest.

Tsunami wave field in the Bay of Bengal one hour after the M=9.1 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, 2004. View looks to the northwest.

3-D angular view of a bay inlet with a bridge spanning the inlet, the floor of the bay is shown as if the water is drained out.
Sand waves at mouth of San Francisco Bay
Sand waves at mouth of San Francisco Bay
Sand waves at mouth of San Francisco Bay

A field of giant sand waves, among the largest in the world, at the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California.

A field of giant sand waves, among the largest in the world, at the mouth of San Francisco Bay in California.

Dauphin Island, Alabama
Dauphin Island, Alabama
Dauphin Island, Alabama
Dauphin Island, Alabama

Dauphin Island, Alabama. Three-dimensional views of island topography (A-C), post-Katrina oblique aerial photograph (D), and differences in topography from Hurricanes Ivan (E) and Katrina (F). The view is along the island, looking from east to west, with the Gulf of Mexico to the left and Mississippi Sound to the right.

Dauphin Island, Alabama. Three-dimensional views of island topography (A-C), post-Katrina oblique aerial photograph (D), and differences in topography from Hurricanes Ivan (E) and Katrina (F). The view is along the island, looking from east to west, with the Gulf of Mexico to the left and Mississippi Sound to the right.

Dauphin Island, Alabama, map views
Dauphin Island, Alabama, map views
Dauphin Island, Alabama, map views
Dauphin Island, Alabama, map views

Dauphin Island, Alabama. Map views of post-storm difference grids for Hurricanes Ivan (A) and Katrina (B), and vertical photography of the same location (C). The lidar images show elevation gains (green) and losses (red).

Dauphin Island, Alabama. Map views of post-storm difference grids for Hurricanes Ivan (A) and Katrina (B), and vertical photography of the same location (C). The lidar images show elevation gains (green) and losses (red).

Before and after photos showing destroyed pier house and antebellum home
Before and after photos showing destroyed pier house and classic home
Before and after photos showing destroyed pier house and classic home
Before and after photos showing destroyed pier house and classic home

In the top image, taken in 1998, notice the pier, pier house, and the antebellum house. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after Hurricane Katrina made landfall. This photo shows the complete destruction of these landmarks.

In the top image, taken in 1998, notice the pier, pier house, and the antebellum house. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after Hurricane Katrina made landfall. This photo shows the complete destruction of these landmarks.

Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina

The top image was taken off the coast of Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, in July 1998 by researchers at the University of New Orleans. In this image, notice the large multi-story houses, some of which are built on stilts to protect the homes from flooding. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after landfall of Hurricane Katrina.

The top image was taken off the coast of Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, in July 1998 by researchers at the University of New Orleans. In this image, notice the large multi-story houses, some of which are built on stilts to protect the homes from flooding. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after landfall of Hurricane Katrina.

Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina
Photo sets of Waveland, Mississippi, pre- and post-Katrina

The top image, taken off the coast of Waveland, Mississippi, in July 1998, shows several large oceanfront homes, and thick wooded vegetation bordering the sandy beach. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after landfall of Hurricane Katrina.

The top image, taken off the coast of Waveland, Mississippi, in July 1998, shows several large oceanfront homes, and thick wooded vegetation bordering the sandy beach. The bottom image shows the same location on August 31, 2005, two days after landfall of Hurricane Katrina.

Poster composed of photographs and text.
Flying Eyeball Measures Grand Canyon Sand
Flying Eyeball Measures Grand Canyon Sand
Flying Eyeball Measures Grand Canyon Sand

Large-scale poster describing USGS work.

USGS scientists needed a better way to measure river sand in the Grand Canyon. Traditionally, scientists used a bucket to get about 75 sand samples on each trip, which were analyzed weeks later in a lab.

Large-scale poster describing USGS work.

USGS scientists needed a better way to measure river sand in the Grand Canyon. Traditionally, scientists used a bucket to get about 75 sand samples on each trip, which were analyzed weeks later in a lab.

Poster laid out with photos, images, and text.
Should Englebright Dam Be Removed?
Should Englebright Dam Be Removed?
Should Englebright Dam Be Removed?

Large-scale poster describing USGS work.

The USGS, in cooperation with the Upper Yuba River Studies Program and the California Bay–Delta Authority (CALFED), studied Englebright Lake. Englebright Dam was built in 1941 to trap sediment washed downstream by hydraulic gold mining.

Large-scale poster describing USGS work.

The USGS, in cooperation with the Upper Yuba River Studies Program and the California Bay–Delta Authority (CALFED), studied Englebright Lake. Englebright Dam was built in 1941 to trap sediment washed downstream by hydraulic gold mining.

Coral reef and Loggerhead Key in Dry Tortugas National Park
Coral reef surrounding Loggerhead Key in Dry Tortugas National Park
Coral reef surrounding Loggerhead Key in Dry Tortugas National Park
Coral reef surrounding Loggerhead Key in Dry Tortugas National Park

Looking south over the coral reef surrounding Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas National Park. Dry Tortugas Lighthouse stands on Loggerhead Key. To the right in the background is Garden Key, where civil-war era Fort Jefferson is located.

Looking south over the coral reef surrounding Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas National Park. Dry Tortugas Lighthouse stands on Loggerhead Key. To the right in the background is Garden Key, where civil-war era Fort Jefferson is located.

Photograph shows eroding cliff in Isla Vista, California, with parts of houses hanging over edge.
Homes along the edge of the coast in Isla Vista, California
Homes along the edge of the coast in Isla Vista, California
Homes along the edge of the coast in Isla Vista, California

Homes along the edge of the coast in Isla Vista, California, Santa Barbara County, face a short lifespan because of eroding bluffs that support them.

Homes along the edge of the coast in Isla Vista, California, Santa Barbara County, face a short lifespan because of eroding bluffs that support them.

Photo of a crab sitting on the grass.
Dungeness crab
Dungeness crab
Dungeness crab

The Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), whose range extends from the Aleutian Islands to the coast of California, is one of the species whose populations in San Francisco Bay have increased with a large-scale climatic shift that began in 1999. Photograph courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

The Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), whose range extends from the Aleutian Islands to the coast of California, is one of the species whose populations in San Francisco Bay have increased with a large-scale climatic shift that began in 1999. Photograph courtesy of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Shallow, crystal-clear coastal water with rounded, black rocks jutting out of a white sandy bottom.
Stromatolites of Australia
Stromatolites of Australia
Stromatolites of Australia

Stromatolites growing in Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve, Shark Bay in Western Australia. Photo by Paul Harrison, Reading, UK, CC BY-SA 3.0

Stromatolites growing in Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve, Shark Bay in Western Australia. Photo by Paul Harrison, Reading, UK, CC BY-SA 3.0

View from the sky overlooking a severely flooded town with lingering pooled water and heavily damaged structures and roadways.
Banda Aceh after the December 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami
Banda Aceh after the December 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami
Banda Aceh after the December 2004 Earthquake and Tsunami

An International Tsunami Survey Team studying the effects of the December 26, 2004 tsunami on Indonesia“‘’’s island of Sumatra documented wave heights of 20 to 30 m (65 to 100 ft) at the island's northwest end and found evidence suggesting that wave heights may have ranged from 15 to 30 m (50 to 100 ft) along at least a 100-km (60 mi) stretch of the northwest coast.

An International Tsunami Survey Team studying the effects of the December 26, 2004 tsunami on Indonesia“‘’’s island of Sumatra documented wave heights of 20 to 30 m (65 to 100 ft) at the island's northwest end and found evidence suggesting that wave heights may have ranged from 15 to 30 m (50 to 100 ft) along at least a 100-km (60 mi) stretch of the northwest coast.

A man stands in water on a beach, holding a rod with a measurement ruler marked on it, near partially submerged tree stumps.
Measuring tree heights and water depth
Measuring tree heights and water depth
Measuring tree heights and water depth

In Leupueng, Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra, Dr. Guy Gelfenbaum measures the height of snapped-off tree trunks and sea level changes shortly after the December 26, 2004 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean.

In Leupueng, Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra, Dr. Guy Gelfenbaum measures the height of snapped-off tree trunks and sea level changes shortly after the December 26, 2004 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean.

A man stands next to a tree whose trunk is snapped off, he is holding a stadia rod with metric measurements.
Measuring tsunami elevations in Sumatra in 2005
Measuring tsunami elevations in Sumatra in 2005
Measuring tsunami elevations in Sumatra in 2005

As part of an international tsunami survey team, Andy Moore of Kent State University takes measurement of a snapped-off tree trunk in Leupueng, Aceh in 2005, shortly after the deadly tsunami struck the island of Sumatra.

As part of an international tsunami survey team, Andy Moore of Kent State University takes measurement of a snapped-off tree trunk in Leupueng, Aceh in 2005, shortly after the deadly tsunami struck the island of Sumatra.