Publications
These publications showcase the significant science conducted in our Science Centers.
Filter Total Items: 16784
On the identification of a Pliocene time slice for data–model comparison
The characteristics of the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP: 3.264–3.025 Ma BP) have been examined using geological proxies and climate models. While there is agreement between models and data, details of regional climate differ. Uncertainties in prescribed forcings and in proxy data limit the utility of the interval to understand the dynamics of a warmer than present climate or evaluate models. Thi
Authors
Alan M. Haywood, Aisling M. Dolan, Steven J. Pickering, Harry J. Dowsett, Erin L. McClymont, Caroline L. Prescott, Ulrich Salzmann, Daniel J. Hill, Stephen J. Hunter, Daniel J. Lunt, James O. Pope, Paul J. Valdes
Gas hydrate formation rates from dissolved-phase methane in porous laboratory specimens
Marine sands highly saturated with gas hydrates are potential energy resources, likely forming from methane dissolved in pore water. Laboratory fabrication of gas hydrate-bearing sands formed from dissolved-phase methane usually requires 1–2 months to attain the high hydrate saturations characteristic of naturally occurring energy resource targets. A series of gas hydrate formation tests, in which
Authors
William F. Waite, E.K. Spangenberg
Sediment transport due to extreme events: The Hudson River estuary after tropical storms Irene and Lee
Tropical Storms Irene and Lee in 2011 produced intense precipitation and flooding in the U.S. Northeast,
including the Hudson River watershed. Sediment input to the Hudson River was approximately 2.7 megaton, about
5 times the long-term annual average. Rather than the common assumption that sediment is predominantly trapped
in the estuary, observations and model results indicate that approximat
Authors
David K. Ralston, John C. Warner, W. Rockwell Geyer, Gary R. Wall
The PRISM (Pliocene Palaeoclimate) reconstruction: Time for a paradigm shift
Global palaeoclimate reconstructions have been invaluable to our understanding of the causes and effects of climate change, but single-temperature representations of the oceanic mixed layer for data–model comparisons are outdated, and the time for a paradigm shift in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction is overdue. The new paradigm in marine palaeoclimate reconstruction stems the loss of valuable c
Authors
Harry J. Dowsett, Marci M. Robinson, Danielle K. Stoll, Kevin M. Foley, Andrew L. A. Johnson, Mark Williams, Christina Riesselman
Metadata squared: enhancing its usability for volunteered geographic information and the GeoWeb
The Internet has brought many changes to the way geographic information is created and shared. One aspect that has not changed is metadata. Static spatial data quality descriptions were standardized in the mid-1990s and cannot accommodate the current climate of data creation where nonexperts are using mobile phones and other location-based devices on a continuous basis to contribute data to Intern
Authors
Barbara S. Poore, Eric B. Wolf
Hormonal control of euryhalinity
Hormones play a critical role in maintaining body fluid balance in euryhaline fishes during changes in environmental salinity. The neuroendocrine axis senses osmotic and ionic changes, then signals and coordinates tissue-specific responses to regulate water and ion fluxes. Rapid-acting hormones, e.g. angiotensins, cope with immediate challenges by controlling drinking rate and the activity of ion
Authors
Yoshio Takei, Stephen D. McCormick
Structural equation modeling and the analysis of long-term monitoring data
The analysis of long-term monitoring data is increasingly important; not only for the discovery and documentation of changes in environmental systems, but also as an enterprise whose fruits validate the allocation of effort and scarce funds to monitoring. In simple terms, we may distinguish between the detection of change in some ecosystem attribute versus the investigation of causes and consequen
Authors
James B. Grace, Jon E. Keeley, Darren Johnson, A Bollen
Unraveling Alleghanian orogenesis in southern Connecticut: The history of the Lyme Dome
No abstract available.
Authors
Gregory J. Walsh, John N. Aleinikoff, Robert P. Wintsch
Mineralogy and environmental geochemistry of historical iron slag, Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, Pennsylvania, USA
The Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site in southeastern Pennsylvania, which features an Fe smelter that was operational in the 18th and 19th centuries, is dominated by three slag piles. Pile 1 slag, from the Hopewell Furnace, and pile 2 slag, likely from the nearby Cornwall Furnace, were both produced in cold-blast charcoal-fired smelters. In contrast, pile 3 slag was produced in an anthracite
Authors
Nadine M. Piatak, Robert Seal
Recent strikes in South Africa’s platinum-group metal mines: effects upon world platinum-group metal supplies
The recent labor disputes over wages and working conditions that have affected South Africa’s three leading platinum-group metal (PGM) producers have affected an industry already plagued by market pressures and labor unrest and raised the specter of constraints in the world’s supply of these metals. Although low demand for these metals in 2011 and 2012 helped to offset production losses of recent
Authors
Thomas R. Yager, Yadira Soto-Viruet, James J. Barry
Glaciotectonic deformation associated with the Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine, westernmost Block Island Sound: further evidence of readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet
High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles collected across pro-glacial outwash deposits adjacent to the circa 18 ka b.p. Orient Point–Fishers Island end moraine segment in westernmost Block Island Sound reveal extensive deformation. A rhythmic seismic facies indicates the host outwash deposits are composed of fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. The deformation is variably brittle and ductil
Authors
Lawrence J. Poppe, Robert N. Oldale, David S. Foster, Shepard M. Smith
Use of raw materials in the United States from 1900 through 2010
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the types and quantities of raw materials used by U.S. manufacturers and consumers have changed over time. This fact sheet quantifies the amounts of those materials (other than food and fuel) that have been input into the U.S. economy annually for a period of 111 years, from 1900 through 2010. It provides a broad overview of all materials used but highlight
Authors
Grecia R. Matos