George Durner, Ph.D.
Spatial pattern of polar bears relative to reproductive status, habitat and prey distribution.
Professional Experience
1991 - Present Research Zoologist, USGS, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska
Education and Certifications
Ph.D. 2014 University of Wyoming, WY Zoology and Physiology
M.S. 1991 Frostburg State University, MD Wildlife Biology
B.S. 1983 East Sroudsburg State University, PA Biology/Environmental Studies
Affiliations and Memberships*
The Wildlife Society
The Arctic Institute of North America
The IUCN Polar Bear Specialist Group
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 13
No Result Found
Filter Total Items: 71
Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010
This report presents data on the approximate locations and methods of discovery of 392 polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal dens found in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions between 1910 and 2010 that are archived by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. A description of data collection methods, biases associated with collection method, primary time...
Authors
George M. Durner, Anthony S. Fischbach, Steven C. Amstrup, David C. Douglas
Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models
Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellitecollared polar bears and environmental data (e.g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and sea ice) collected from 1985 to 1995 to...
Authors
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, I. Stirling, Mette Mauritzen, E.W. Born, O. Wiig, E. Deweaver, Mark C. Serreze, Stanislav Belikov, M.M. Holland, J. Maslanik, Jon Aars, D.A. Bailey, Andrew E. Derocher
Estimating Potential Effects of Hypothetical Oil Spills on Polar Bears
Much is known about the transport and fate of oil spilled into the sea and its toxicity to exposed wildlife. Previously, however, there has been no way to quantify the probability that wildlife dispersed over the seascape would be exposed to spilled oil. Polar bears, the apical predator of the arctic, are widely dispersed near the continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean, an area also...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, T. L. McDonald, W.R. Johnson
A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994
We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The RSF was based on bathymetry and...
Authors
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup
Polar bear research in Alaska
Since the 13th Working Meeting of the Polar Bear Specialist Group the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has seen the completion of many research projects and the start of many new ones. Much has been accomplished and yet we have new challenges awaiting us. This report summarises our focal questions and progress in those areas.
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Geoff S. York, Eric V. Regehr, Kristin S. Simac, Tom S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge, Torsten Bentzen, Kristin S. Amstrup, David C. Douglas
Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential and contains existing and planned oil field developments, the distribution of...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Ken J. Ambrosius
Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea
Recognition that polar bears are shared by hunters in Canada and Alaska prompted development of the “Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea.” Under this Agreement, the harvest of polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) is shared between Inupiat hunters of Alaska and Inuvialuit hunters of Canada. Quotas for each jurisdiction are to be reviewed annually in...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, I. Stirling, T. L. McDonald
Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea 2005
No abstract available.
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, Eric V. Regehr, G.S. York, T. S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge, David C. Douglas
Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations
The greatest promise of radiotelemetry always has been a better understanding of animal movements. Telemetry has helped us know when animals are active, how active they are, how far and how fast they move, the geographic areas they occupy, and whether individuals vary in these traits. Unfortunately, the inability to estimate the error in animals utilization distributions (UDs), has...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, George M. Durner
Using discrete choice modeling to generate resource selection functions for female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) depend on ice-covered seas to satisfy life history requirements. Modern threats to polar bears include oil spills in the marine environment and changes in ice composition resulting from climate change. Managers need practical models that explain the distribution of bears in order to assess the impacts of these threats. We explored the use of discrete choice...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Ryan M. Nielson, Trent L. McDonald
Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northern Alaska
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth to and nurture their young in dens of ice and snow. During 1999-2001, we measured the structure of 22 dens on the coastal plain of northern Alaska after polar bear families had evacuated their dens in the spring. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, we revisited the sites of 42 maternal and autumn exploratory dens and recorded characteristics of...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Anthony S. Fischbach
Detecting denning polar bears with forward looking infra-red imagery (FLIR)
Polar bears give birth in snow dens in mid winter, and remain in dens until early spring. Survival and development of neonates is dependent on the stable environment within the maternal den. Petroleum related activities currently span approximately 200 km of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coastal area. New and proposed developments are expected to dramatically expand the area influenced by...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, Geoff Weston-York, T. L. McDonald, R. Neilsen, Kristin S. Simac, George M. Durner
Non-USGS Publications**
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2011. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Bear Taxanomic Group Workshop on Ursids in Captivity. American Zoological Society Annual Meeting. Detroit, MI, USA.
Durner, G. M., D. C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, S. C. Amstrup, and T. L. McDonald. 2007. Predicting the future distribution of Polar Bear Habitat in the polar basin from resource selection functions applied to 21st century general circulation model projections of sea ice. USGS Administrative Report, 61 p. doi:10.3133/70174076
Bergen, S., G. M. Durner, D. C. Douglas, and S. C. Amstrup. 2007. Predicting movements of female polar bears between summer sea ice foraging habitats and terrestrial denning habitats of Alaska in the 21st century: Proposed methodology and pilot assessment. USGS Administrative Report, 24 p.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, G. York, E. V. Regehr, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, T. W. Bentzen, K. S. Amstrup, and D. C. Douglas. 2005. Report on research progress in Alaska. Proceedings: 15th Annual meeting of joint commissioners and technical advisors of the Inuvialiut Game Council and North Slope Borough. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, E. V. Regehr, G. W. York, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, and D. C. Douglas. 2004. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. February 2004, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, G. W. York, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, and D. C. Douglas. 2003. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. February 2003, Edmonton, Alberta. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, R. Neilson, and T. L. McDonald. 2003. The use of sea ice habitat by female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 60-61 in Proceedings of the Ninth MMS Information Transfer Meeting. MMS OCS Study 2003-042, 118 p.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2002. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 109-125 in edited by N. J. Lunn, S. Schliebe and E. W. Born, (eds.), Occasional Paper IUCN Specialists Survey Commission 26. Proceedings: 13th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001. Nuuk, Greenland.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, A. S. Fischbach, G. S. York, and K. S. Simac. 2002. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee, 9-10 Feb 2002. Iqualuit, Canada.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2002. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings of the Bear Taxanomic Group Workshop on Ursids in Captivity. Annual Meeting of the American Zoological Society, Detroit, MI, April 27 - 29, 2001.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, and T. L. McDonald. 2002. Volume III, Appendix J 1, Liberty Development and Production Plan. Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Minerals Management Service, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region OCS EIS/EA MMS 2001-001.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1999. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 131-139 in A. E. Derocher, (ed.), Occasional Paper IUCN Specialists Survey Commission 19. Proceedings: IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1999. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 47-52 in Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 131-139 in A. E. Derocher, G. W. Garner, N. J. Lunn, and O. Wiig, (eds.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN/SSC Occasional Paper 19. 159 pp. Proceedings: 12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group Oslo, Norway.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska. Pages 141-145 in A. E. Derocher, G. W. Garner, N. J. Lunn, and O. Wiig, (eds.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN/SSC Occasional Paper 19. 159 pp. Proceedings: 12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group Oslo, Norway.
Durner, G. M. and J. E. Gates. 1993. Spatial Ecology of Black Rat Snakes on Remington Farms, Maryland. Journal of Wildlife Management 57(4):812-826.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Temporal and geographic variation of maternity denning among polar bears of the Beaufort Sea. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 198-206 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Polar bear maternity denning on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 189-197 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Responses of maternal polar bears to human activities in Alaska. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 198-206 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 13
No Result Found
Filter Total Items: 71
Catalogue of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal den locations in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions, Alaska, 1910–2010
This report presents data on the approximate locations and methods of discovery of 392 polar bear (Ursus maritimus) maternal dens found in the Beaufort Sea and neighboring regions between 1910 and 2010 that are archived by the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. A description of data collection methods, biases associated with collection method, primary time...
Authors
George M. Durner, Anthony S. Fischbach, Steven C. Amstrup, David C. Douglas
Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models
Projections of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) sea ice habitat distribution in the polar basin during the 21st century were developed to understand the consequences of anticipated sea ice reductions on polar bear populations. We used location data from satellitecollared polar bears and environmental data (e.g., bathymetry, distance to coastlines, and sea ice) collected from 1985 to 1995 to...
Authors
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, I. Stirling, Mette Mauritzen, E.W. Born, O. Wiig, E. Deweaver, Mark C. Serreze, Stanislav Belikov, M.M. Holland, J. Maslanik, Jon Aars, D.A. Bailey, Andrew E. Derocher
Estimating Potential Effects of Hypothetical Oil Spills on Polar Bears
Much is known about the transport and fate of oil spilled into the sea and its toxicity to exposed wildlife. Previously, however, there has been no way to quantify the probability that wildlife dispersed over the seascape would be exposed to spilled oil. Polar bears, the apical predator of the arctic, are widely dispersed near the continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean, an area also...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, T. L. McDonald, W.R. Johnson
A model for autumn pelagic distribution of adult female polar bears in the Chukchi Seas, 1987-1994
We made predictions of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) autumn distribution in the Chukchi Sea with a Resource Selection Function (RSF) developed from 1198 satellite radio-collar locations on 124 adult female polar bears, 1987 – 1994. The RSF was created to assist in an aerial survey design for polar bears proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The RSF was based on bathymetry and...
Authors
George M. Durner, David C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, Steven C. Amstrup
Polar bear research in Alaska
Since the 13th Working Meeting of the Polar Bear Specialist Group the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has seen the completion of many research projects and the start of many new ones. Much has been accomplished and yet we have new challenges awaiting us. This report summarises our focal questions and progress in those areas.
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Geoff S. York, Eric V. Regehr, Kristin S. Simac, Tom S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge, Torsten Bentzen, Kristin S. Amstrup, David C. Douglas
Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential and contains existing and planned oil field developments, the distribution of...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Ken J. Ambrosius
Allocating harvests among polar bear stocks in the Beaufort Sea
Recognition that polar bears are shared by hunters in Canada and Alaska prompted development of the “Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea.” Under this Agreement, the harvest of polar bears from the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) is shared between Inupiat hunters of Alaska and Inuvialuit hunters of Canada. Quotas for each jurisdiction are to be reviewed annually in...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, I. Stirling, T. L. McDonald
Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea 2005
No abstract available.
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, George M. Durner, Eric V. Regehr, G.S. York, T. S. Smith, Steven T. Partridge, David C. Douglas
Using satellite radiotelemetry data to delineate and manage wildlife populations
The greatest promise of radiotelemetry always has been a better understanding of animal movements. Telemetry has helped us know when animals are active, how active they are, how far and how fast they move, the geographic areas they occupy, and whether individuals vary in these traits. Unfortunately, the inability to estimate the error in animals utilization distributions (UDs), has...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, T. L. McDonald, George M. Durner
Using discrete choice modeling to generate resource selection functions for female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) depend on ice-covered seas to satisfy life history requirements. Modern threats to polar bears include oil spills in the marine environment and changes in ice composition resulting from climate change. Managers need practical models that explain the distribution of bears in order to assess the impacts of these threats. We explored the use of discrete choice...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Ryan M. Nielson, Trent L. McDonald
Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northern Alaska
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth to and nurture their young in dens of ice and snow. During 1999-2001, we measured the structure of 22 dens on the coastal plain of northern Alaska after polar bear families had evacuated their dens in the spring. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, we revisited the sites of 42 maternal and autumn exploratory dens and recorded characteristics of...
Authors
George M. Durner, Steven C. Amstrup, Anthony S. Fischbach
Detecting denning polar bears with forward looking infra-red imagery (FLIR)
Polar bears give birth in snow dens in mid winter, and remain in dens until early spring. Survival and development of neonates is dependent on the stable environment within the maternal den. Petroleum related activities currently span approximately 200 km of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coastal area. New and proposed developments are expected to dramatically expand the area influenced by...
Authors
Steven C. Amstrup, Geoff Weston-York, T. L. McDonald, R. Neilsen, Kristin S. Simac, George M. Durner
Non-USGS Publications**
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2011. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Bear Taxanomic Group Workshop on Ursids in Captivity. American Zoological Society Annual Meeting. Detroit, MI, USA.
Durner, G. M., D. C. Douglas, R. M. Nielson, S. C. Amstrup, and T. L. McDonald. 2007. Predicting the future distribution of Polar Bear Habitat in the polar basin from resource selection functions applied to 21st century general circulation model projections of sea ice. USGS Administrative Report, 61 p. doi:10.3133/70174076
Bergen, S., G. M. Durner, D. C. Douglas, and S. C. Amstrup. 2007. Predicting movements of female polar bears between summer sea ice foraging habitats and terrestrial denning habitats of Alaska in the 21st century: Proposed methodology and pilot assessment. USGS Administrative Report, 24 p.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, G. York, E. V. Regehr, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, T. W. Bentzen, K. S. Amstrup, and D. C. Douglas. 2005. Report on research progress in Alaska. Proceedings: 15th Annual meeting of joint commissioners and technical advisors of the Inuvialiut Game Council and North Slope Borough. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, E. V. Regehr, G. W. York, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, and D. C. Douglas. 2004. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. February 2004, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, G. W. York, K. S. Simac, T. S. Smith, S. T. Partridge, and D. C. Douglas. 2003. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. February 2003, Edmonton, Alberta. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, R. Neilson, and T. L. McDonald. 2003. The use of sea ice habitat by female polar bears in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 60-61 in Proceedings of the Ninth MMS Information Transfer Meeting. MMS OCS Study 2003-042, 118 p.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2002. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 109-125 in edited by N. J. Lunn, S. Schliebe and E. W. Born, (eds.), Occasional Paper IUCN Specialists Survey Commission 26. Proceedings: 13th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001. Nuuk, Greenland.
Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, A. S. Fischbach, G. S. York, and K. S. Simac. 2002. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee, 9-10 Feb 2002. Iqualuit, Canada.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, A. S. Fischbach, K. S. Simac, and G. W. York. 2002. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings of the Bear Taxanomic Group Workshop on Ursids in Captivity. Annual Meeting of the American Zoological Society, Detroit, MI, April 27 - 29, 2001.
Amstrup, S. C., G. M. Durner, and T. L. McDonald. 2002. Volume III, Appendix J 1, Liberty Development and Production Plan. Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Minerals Management Service, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region OCS EIS/EA MMS 2001-001.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1999. Polar Bear Research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 131-139 in A. E. Derocher, (ed.), Occasional Paper IUCN Specialists Survey Commission 19. Proceedings: IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1999. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 47-52 in Proceedings: Canadian Polar Bear Technical Committee
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Polar bear research in the Beaufort Sea. Pages 131-139 in A. E. Derocher, G. W. Garner, N. J. Lunn, and O. Wiig, (eds.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN/SSC Occasional Paper 19. 159 pp. Proceedings: 12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group Oslo, Norway.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1998. Identification of polar bear den habitat in northern Alaska. Pages 141-145 in A. E. Derocher, G. W. Garner, N. J. Lunn, and O. Wiig, (eds.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. IUCN/SSC Occasional Paper 19. 159 pp. Proceedings: 12th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group Oslo, Norway.
Durner, G. M. and J. E. Gates. 1993. Spatial Ecology of Black Rat Snakes on Remington Farms, Maryland. Journal of Wildlife Management 57(4):812-826.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Temporal and geographic variation of maternity denning among polar bears of the Beaufort Sea. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 198-206 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Polar bear maternity denning on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 189-197 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
Amstrup, S. C. and G. M. Durner. 1992. Responses of maternal polar bears to human activities in Alaska. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Pages 198-206 in T. R. Mc Cabe, B. Griffith, N. E. Walsh, and D. D. Young, (eds.). Terrestrial Research: 1002 area - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Interim Report, 1988-1990, 432 p.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government