Ruth F Schulte
Minerals Information commodity specialists collect and analyze information on production, trade, and consumption of minerals from raw material through refining to finished products. Mineral commodity specialists can answer questions on these aspects of a mineral commodity.
Education
M.S., Geology, University of Maryland, College Park (2007)
- Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Advisor: Richard J. Walker)
B.S., Geology, University of Maryland, College Park (2003)
- Sulfur isotopic investigation of the Conococheague Formation, Strausburg, Virginia (Advisor: Alan J. Kaufman)
Professional Experience
- Physical Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey (2017-Present)
- Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey (2010-2017)
- Laboratory Research Contractor, U.S. Geological Survey (2007-2010)
- Graduate Research Assistant, University of Maryland-College Park (2004-2007)
Publications
Foley, N.K., Jaskula, B.W., Piatak, N.M., and Schulte, R.F., 2017, Beryllium, chap. E of of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. E1-E32. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802E
Foley, N.K., Jaskula, B.W., Kimball, B.E., and Schulte, R.F., 2017, Gallium, chap. H of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. H1-H35. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802H
Schulte, Ruth F.; Foley, Nora K., 2014. Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1272, Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file [Link]
Zientek, M.L., Loferski, P.J., Parks, H.L, Schulte, R.F., and Seal, R.R., II, 2017, Platinum-group elements, chap. N of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. N1-N91. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802N
Schulte, Ruth F., Taylor, Ryan D., Piatak, Nadine M., and Seal, Robert R. II, 2010, Stratiform chromite deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1232, 7 p. [Link]
Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819. [Link]
Science and Products
World minerals outlook to 2029—Cobalt, gallium, helium, lithium, magnesium, palladium, platinum, and titanium data
Given the rapid expansion in the demand for mineral commodities that underpin worldwide economic growth and technological advancement, information regarding expected country-level mine production and production capacity is becoming increasingly important. In particular, production capacity can limit future supply, depending on how rapidly that capacity is able to expand. This World...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were calculated based on the oxide compositions and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Olivine is a magnesium iron orthosilicate mineral with the...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were then calculated and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Feldspar grains are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals with potassium (K), sodium (Na...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with...
Major, Minor, and Trace Element Compositions of Bulk Drill Core Samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
This table reports major, minor, and trace element compositions of bulk drill core samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Major elements were measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES); minor and trace elements were determined using ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)...
Exposed Precambrian Bedrock in Part of Dickinson County, Michigan, and Marinette and Florence Counties, Wisconsin
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western upper peninsula of Michigan and parts of Wisconsin from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region...
World minerals outlook—Cobalt, gallium, helium, lithium, magnesium, palladium, platinum, and titanium through 2029
Given the rapid expansion in the demand for mineral commodities that underpin worldwide economic growth and technological advancement, information regarding expected country-level mine production and production capacity is becoming increasingly important to industry stakeholders, end users, and policymakers. Production capacity can limit future supply, depending on how rapidly that...
Authors
Elisa Alonso, Amanda Sarah Brioche, Ruth Schulte, Loyd M. Trimmer, Ji-Eun Kim, Andrew L. Gulley, David George Pineault
Mineral resource of the month: Chromium
Although chromium is a metal, it does not occur naturally in metallic form. Chromium can be found in many minerals, but the only economically significant chromium-bearing mineral is chromite. Chromite has been mined from four different deposit types: stratiform chromite, podiform chromite, placer chromite, and laterite deposits. Most of the world's resources, however, are located in...
Authors
Ruth Schulte
Digital representation of exposures of Precambrian bedrock in parts of Dickinson and Iron Counties, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western Upper Peninsula of Michigan from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the...
Authors
William F. Cannon, Ruth Schulte, Damon Bickerstaff
Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits
Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Nora K. Foley
Stratiform chromite deposit model
A new descriptive stratiform chromite deposit model was prepared which will provide a framework for understanding the characteristics of stratiform chromite deposits worldwide. Previous stratiform chromite deposit models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have been referred to as Bushveld chromium, because the Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the only stratified, mafic...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
Stratiform chromite deposit model
Stratiform chromite deposits are of great economic importance, yet their origin and evolution remain highly debated. Layered igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld, Great Dyke, Kemi, and Stillwater Complexes, provide opportunities for studying magmatic differentiation processes and assimilation within the crust, as well as related ore-deposit formation. Chromite-rich seams within...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
Non-USGS Publications**
Schulte, Ruth F., 2007, Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Master's thesis, University of Maryland-College Park). Retrieved from https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/6705
Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
World minerals outlook to 2029—Cobalt, gallium, helium, lithium, magnesium, palladium, platinum, and titanium data
Given the rapid expansion in the demand for mineral commodities that underpin worldwide economic growth and technological advancement, information regarding expected country-level mine production and production capacity is becoming increasingly important. In particular, production capacity can limit future supply, depending on how rapidly that capacity is able to expand. This World...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were calculated based on the oxide compositions and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Olivine is a magnesium iron orthosilicate mineral with the...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were then calculated and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Feldspar grains are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals with potassium (K), sodium (Na...
Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with...
Major, Minor, and Trace Element Compositions of Bulk Drill Core Samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota
This table reports major, minor, and trace element compositions of bulk drill core samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Major elements were measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES); minor and trace elements were determined using ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)...
Exposed Precambrian Bedrock in Part of Dickinson County, Michigan, and Marinette and Florence Counties, Wisconsin
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western upper peninsula of Michigan and parts of Wisconsin from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region...
World minerals outlook—Cobalt, gallium, helium, lithium, magnesium, palladium, platinum, and titanium through 2029
Given the rapid expansion in the demand for mineral commodities that underpin worldwide economic growth and technological advancement, information regarding expected country-level mine production and production capacity is becoming increasingly important to industry stakeholders, end users, and policymakers. Production capacity can limit future supply, depending on how rapidly that...
Authors
Elisa Alonso, Amanda Sarah Brioche, Ruth Schulte, Loyd M. Trimmer, Ji-Eun Kim, Andrew L. Gulley, David George Pineault
Mineral resource of the month: Chromium
Although chromium is a metal, it does not occur naturally in metallic form. Chromium can be found in many minerals, but the only economically significant chromium-bearing mineral is chromite. Chromite has been mined from four different deposit types: stratiform chromite, podiform chromite, placer chromite, and laterite deposits. Most of the world's resources, however, are located in...
Authors
Ruth Schulte
Digital representation of exposures of Precambrian bedrock in parts of Dickinson and Iron Counties, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western Upper Peninsula of Michigan from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the...
Authors
William F. Cannon, Ruth Schulte, Damon Bickerstaff
Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits
Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Nora K. Foley
Stratiform chromite deposit model
A new descriptive stratiform chromite deposit model was prepared which will provide a framework for understanding the characteristics of stratiform chromite deposits worldwide. Previous stratiform chromite deposit models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have been referred to as Bushveld chromium, because the Bushveld Complex in South Africa is the only stratified, mafic...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
Stratiform chromite deposit model
Stratiform chromite deposits are of great economic importance, yet their origin and evolution remain highly debated. Layered igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld, Great Dyke, Kemi, and Stillwater Complexes, provide opportunities for studying magmatic differentiation processes and assimilation within the crust, as well as related ore-deposit formation. Chromite-rich seams within...
Authors
Ruth Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
Non-USGS Publications**
Schulte, Ruth F., 2007, Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Master's thesis, University of Maryland-College Park). Retrieved from https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/6705
Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.