Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Images

Browse here for some of our available imagery. We may get permission to use some non-USGS images and these should be marked and are subject to copyright laws. USGS Astrogeology images can be freely downloaded.

Filter Total Items: 228
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Logo
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Logo
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Logo
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Logo

This a version of the logo for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). It is intended for use in info boxes on the USGS website. The spectrum in the graphic is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectrum, plotted on a logarithmic y axis to emphasize weaker emission peaks.

This a version of the logo for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). It is intended for use in info boxes on the USGS website. The spectrum in the graphic is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectrum, plotted on a logarithmic y axis to emphasize weaker emission peaks.

screenshot of an example data table in PyHAT format
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Data Format Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Data Format Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Data Format Example

Screenshot showing the simple data format used by the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). Spectra are stored in rows of the table, along with their associated metadata and compositional information.

Screenshot showing the simple data format used by the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). Spectra are stored in rows of the table, along with their associated metadata and compositional information.

Image of the Mars surface from NASA's Mars rover Curiosity on Sol 4158
MSL image of the Martian Surface on sol 4158
MSL image of the Martian Surface on sol 4158
MSL image of the Martian Surface on sol 4158

This image was taken of the Martian surface by the NASA MSL rover on sol 4158, showing an assortment of clasts.

This image was taken of the Martian surface by the NASA MSL rover on sol 4158, showing an assortment of clasts.

Image showing the PyHAT logo, screenshot of the GUI, and several plots
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Banner Image
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Banner Image
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Banner Image

This image is intended as a summary/promotional image for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) software.

This image is intended as a summary/promotional image for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) software.

CRISM mineral map image, with Red = Olivine, Green = High-Ca Pyroxene, and Blue = Low-Ca pyroxene
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Mineral Parameter Map Example - Jezero Crater, Mars
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Mineral Parameter Map Example - Jezero Crater, Mars
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Mineral Parameter Map Example - Jezero Crater, Mars

This figure shows an example mineral parameter map image generated using PyHAT. The area in this Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) image is Jezero crater, the landing site of NASA's Mars Perseverance rover.

This figure shows an example mineral parameter map image generated using PyHAT. The area in this Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) image is Jezero crater, the landing site of NASA's Mars Perseverance rover.

Plot showing the LIBS spectrum of basalt, with colored lines approximating the baseline using different algorithms.
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Baseline Removal Plot Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Baseline Removal Plot Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Baseline Removal Plot Example

This figure shows an example spectrum plot generated using PyHAT. The black line is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrum of a basalt sample. The colored lines show the baseline estimated using several different algorithms. 

This figure shows an example spectrum plot generated using PyHAT. The black line is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectrum of a basalt sample. The colored lines show the baseline estimated using several different algorithms. 

Plot showing the training set and cross validation error vs number of components for a PLS model predicting CaO
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Partial Least Squares Cross Validation Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Partial Least Squares Cross Validation Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Partial Least Squares Cross Validation Example

This figure shows the results of cross-validating a Partial Least Squares (PLS) model to predict the abundance of CaO in geologic targets using PyHAT. Cross validation is necessary to optimize the parameters of a regression algorithm to avoid overfitting.

This figure shows the results of cross-validating a Partial Least Squares (PLS) model to predict the abundance of CaO in geologic targets using PyHAT. Cross validation is necessary to optimize the parameters of a regression algorithm to avoid overfitting.

Scatter plot comparing predicted vs actual CaO content for a set of spectra of geologic targets using two regression models
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Regression Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Regression Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Regression Example

This figure compares the results of two regression models to predict the abundance of CaO in geologic standards based on their laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra using PyHAT. The horizontal axis is the independently measured CaO abundance, the vertical axis is the abundance predicted by the models.

This figure compares the results of two regression models to predict the abundance of CaO in geologic standards based on their laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra using PyHAT. The horizontal axis is the independently measured CaO abundance, the vertical axis is the abundance predicted by the models.

Scatter plot showing PCA scores as points. Several points are marked in red as outliers.
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Outlier Identification Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Outlier Identification Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Outlier Identification Example

This figure shows an example of outlier identification using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum. Dimensionality was then reduced using principal components analysis (PCA).

This figure shows an example of outlier identification using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum. Dimensionality was then reduced using principal components analysis (PCA).

Plot of PCA scores and loadings. The points in the scores plot are color coded based on the cluster assigned by k-means
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis K-Means Clustering Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis K-Means Clustering Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis K-Means Clustering Example

This figure shows an example PCA plot generated using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum.

This figure shows an example PCA plot generated using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum.

Graph of PCA scores, color coded by Fe2O3T content, and the loading vectors used to calculate the scores.
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Plot Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Plot Example
Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Plot Example

This figure shows an example PCA plot generated using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum.

This figure shows an example PCA plot generated using PyHAT. The input data were laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. PyHAT was used to apply a baseline correction and normalization to the total intensity for each spectrum.

Image of some poorly sorted clasts on Mars.
NLB_764937797EDR_F1061524NCAM00277M_.jpeg
NLB_764937797EDR_F1061524NCAM00277M_.jpeg
NLB_764937797EDR_F1061524NCAM00277M_.jpeg

Image shows a poorly sorted collection of clasts, taken by the NASA Mars Curiosity rover on sol 4139. 

Image shows a poorly sorted collection of clasts, taken by the NASA Mars Curiosity rover on sol 4139. 

Thumbnail graphic for the PyHAT software package
PyHAT Thumbnail
PyHAT Thumbnail
PyHAT Thumbnail

This is the small logo for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). It is intended for use as a thumbnail. The spectrum in the graphic is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectrum, plotted on a logarithmic y axis to emphasize weaker emission peaks.

This is the small logo for the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT). It is intended for use as a thumbnail. The spectrum in the graphic is a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectrum, plotted on a logarithmic y axis to emphasize weaker emission peaks.

Coloring page of Grover, the Geologic Rover.
Grover Coloring Page
Grover Coloring Page
Grover Coloring Page

A coloring page and information about Grover, the USGS's geologic rover that went to the moon during the Apollo missions.

A coloring page and information about Grover, the USGS's geologic rover that went to the moon during the Apollo missions.

Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover overlooking a panoramic stitch of the Airey Hill area.
Perseverance at Airey Hill
Perseverance at Airey Hill
Perseverance at Airey Hill

A 360 degree mosaic compiled by NASA of Perseverance Rover overlooking Airey Hill, the parking spot for the rover during the solar conjunction in 2023.

A 360 degree mosaic compiled by NASA of Perseverance Rover overlooking Airey Hill, the parking spot for the rover during the solar conjunction in 2023.

Image of a rock's material composition from Ozuel Falls, Mars, where the rock is high in Phosphate.
Ozuel Falls PIXL
Ozuel Falls PIXL
Ozuel Falls PIXL

Image of Ouzel Falls with a list of materials identified within it, including large, millimeter-scale regions rich in phosphate. Data from PIXL is laid over the image. Colored squares show different areas where PIXL’s X-ray beam scanned the rock’s surface.

Image of Ouzel Falls with a list of materials identified within it, including large, millimeter-scale regions rich in phosphate. Data from PIXL is laid over the image. Colored squares show different areas where PIXL’s X-ray beam scanned the rock’s surface.

Screenshot of the user interface of the GeoSTAC project
Screenshot GeoSTAC project.png
Screenshot GeoSTAC project.png
Screenshot GeoSTAC project.png

Screenshot of the user interface of the GeoSTAC project, with symbolized polygons on a Mars map (left) and a selection panel (right).

Screenshot of the user interface of the GeoSTAC project, with symbolized polygons on a Mars map (left) and a selection panel (right).

Photo of GeoKings team who were awarded for GeoSTAC project
Photo of the GeoKings team.png
Photo of the GeoKings team.png
Photo of the GeoKings team.png

Photo of the GeoKings team taken by mentor Trent Hare in a ballroom full of other people, which is the poster session where they won their award. GeoKings from left to right: Zack Bryant, Jackson Brittain, John Cardeccia, Andrew Usvat, and Alex Poole. 

Photo of the GeoKings team taken by mentor Trent Hare in a ballroom full of other people, which is the poster session where they won their award. GeoKings from left to right: Zack Bryant, Jackson Brittain, John Cardeccia, Andrew Usvat, and Alex Poole. 

A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet looks sheepishly at Porkchop Geyser erupting nearby.
Yellowstone Turkey.png
Yellowstone Turkey.png
Yellowstone Turkey.png

Background: USGS Photo of Porkchop Geyer in Yellowstone. Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet looks sheepishly at Porkchop Geyser erupting nearby. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, a gravy boat and an ear of corn). 

Background: USGS Photo of Porkchop Geyer in Yellowstone. Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet looks sheepishly at Porkchop Geyser erupting nearby. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, a gravy boat and an ear of corn). 

A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards Venus.
Venisuan Turkey.png
Venisuan Turkey.png
Venisuan Turkey.png

Background: USGS/NASA Photo of Venus. Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards Venus. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, dinner rolls and a green bean casserole).

Background: USGS/NASA Photo of Venus. Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards Venus. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, dinner rolls and a green bean casserole).

A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards the Moon.
Lunar Turkey.png
Lunar Turkey.png
Lunar Turkey.png

Background: USGS/NASA Photo of the Moon

Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards the Moon. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, creamed corn and mashed potatoes).

Background: USGS/NASA Photo of the Moon

Foreground: A cartoon turkey wearing an astronaut helmet while floating in space looks towards the Moon. Cartoon images of common Thanksgiving side dishes are also placed around the turkey (in this case, creamed corn and mashed potatoes).