Publications
Since 1966, CERC scientists have published over 2000 peer reviewed articles and reports. Browse our publications below or search CERC's publications by author or title through the USGS Publications Warehouse.
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Filter Total Items: 1410
Contamination of the freshwater ecosystem by pesticides
A large part of our disquieting present-day pesticide problem is intimately tied to the freshwater ecosystem. Economic poisons are used in so many types of terrain to control so many kinds of organisms that almost all lakes and streams are likely to be contaminated. In addition to accidental contamination many pesticides are deliberately applied directly to fresh waters for suppression of aquatic
Authors
Oliver B. Cope
Dechlorination of DDT by Aerobacter aerogenes
Dechlorination of DDT to DDD in higher animals requires the presence of molecular oxygen, but in microorganisms the presence of oxygen hinders dechlorination. In cell-free preparations of Aerobacter aerogenes, the use of selected metabolic inhibitors indicated that reduced Fe(II) cytochrome oxidase was responsible for DDT dechlorination. This finding may possibly explain. the persistence of DDT re
Authors
Gary Wedemeyer
Uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Factors influencing the uptake of the sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), under conditions in which no net metabolism occurred, were investigated in an effort to determine both the significance of “non-metabolic” uptake as a potential agent in reducing pesticide levels and the mechanisms involved. Uptake of 2,4-D was affected by pH, temperature, and the presence of other organic
Authors
Gary Wedemeyer
Uptake of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Factors influencing the uptake of the sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), under conditions in which no net metabolism occurred, were investigated in an effort to determine both the significance of “non-metabolic” uptake as a potential agent in reducing pesticide levels and the mechanisms involved. Uptake of 2,4-D was affected by pH, temperature, and the presence of other organic
Authors
Gary Wedemeyer
Toxicities of several pesticides to two species of Cladocerans
Laboratory bioassays were conducted with some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, organophosphate insecticides, other insecticides and acaricides, and with herbicides to determine their relative toxicities and immobilization values for two species of daphnids, Daphnia pulex and Simocephalus serrulatus. Both species are satisfactory bioassay organisms for the determination of a wide variety of pe
Authors
Herman O. Sanders, Oliver B. Cope
Some effects of Heptachlor on bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus)
In complementary studies of the chronic effects of heptachlor on bluegills, four similar earthen ponds were treated once with different concentrations of heptachlor, and the fish in six plastic pools were routinely fed different levels of heptachlor. A fifth pond and two plastic pools were used as controls. Higher dosages resulted in higher concentrations of heptachlor residues, more pronounced ti
Authors
Austin K. Andrews, Bruce E. Stebbings, Charles C. Van Valin
Persistence of 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile in aquatic environments
In two experiments 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile was added to aquatic systems, and the residue levels were followed for about 6 months. A granular formulation applied to a farm pond at 0.6 p.p.m. produced highest residues in water and fish about 2 weeks following treatment whereas vegetation and soil samples had the highest levels within 1 or 2 days. Residues were still measurable after 188 days. In po
Authors
C.C. Van Valin
Relative toxicities of similar formulations of pyrethrum and rotenone to fish and immature stoneflies
The insecticidal properties of rotenone and pyrethrum have been known for many years. Both toxicants have long histories of extensive use for control of a variety of insect pests. Rotenone has been also employed as a management tool by fishery biologists to rehabilitate fishing waters, and its toxicity to fish in a number of ecological situations is well established. Pyrethrum's toxicity to fish i
Authors
W.R. Bridges, O.B. Cope
Insecticides: effects on cutthroat trout of repeated exposure to DDT
Cutthroat trout were periodically exposed to p, pp-DDT, in acetone solution or in the food. Excessive mortality occurred only in lots treated with high concentrations of DDT, probably as a result of decreased resistance to nonspecific stressors. Surviving fish in these lots were significantly larger than those in the control lot, or in the lots treated with low concentrations of DDT. The number an
Authors
Don Allison, Burton J. Kallman, Oliver B. Cope, Charles C. Van Valin
Reductive dechlorination of DDT to DDD by yeast
Labeled DDD [ 1,1-dichlor-o-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] was formed from C14-labeled DDT in the presence of yeast. The formation of DDD from DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] was not observed, indicating that a reductive dechlorination of DDT occurs.
Authors
Burton J. Kallman, Austin K. Andrews
Polyethylene as a source of artifacts in the paper chromatography of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
The introduction of artifacts from vessels, materials, and chemicals is a serious problem in the study of pesticide residues. It is therefore of interest to record findings that polyethylene wash bottles contain substances soluble in organic solvents and reactive with the silver nitrate chromogenic spray commonly employed in the paper chromatographic analysis of chlorinated organic insecticides.
Authors
C.C. Van Valin, B.J. Kallman, J.J O'Donnell
A plane-type soil sampler
While studying the effects of pesticides on fish and their environment for the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, I have developed a soil sampler that will collect a thin uniform layer of sediment from pond and stream bottoms. As it is becoming increasingly important to analyze the residual deposits of pesticides in this shallow layer of soil in aquatic environments, it seems useful to descri
Authors
Paul J. Frey