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A bright orange elkhorn coral planted on a cinderblock on a reef in front of a thicket of staghorn coral
Successful experimental elkhorn coral colony in Dry Tortugas National Park
Successful experimental elkhorn coral colony in Dry Tortugas National Park
Successful experimental elkhorn coral colony in Dry Tortugas National Park

The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting research to guide the restoration and recovery of threatened corals in Dry Tortugas National Park and throughout the western Atlantic. Shown here is a colony of the threatened elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, that has grown over the sides of a cinderblock experimental platform.

The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting research to guide the restoration and recovery of threatened corals in Dry Tortugas National Park and throughout the western Atlantic. Shown here is a colony of the threatened elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, that has grown over the sides of a cinderblock experimental platform.

a metal contraption sits on the seafloor and sticks out above the surface
Vibracore in shallow water
Vibracore in shallow water
Vibracore in shallow water

A vibracore being deployed by USGS staff from the FSU R/V Apalachee for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The objective of this field effort was to establish a baseline environmental characterization for a test bed to predict mobility and burial of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in response to waves and currents. 

A vibracore being deployed by USGS staff from the FSU R/V Apalachee for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The objective of this field effort was to establish a baseline environmental characterization for a test bed to predict mobility and burial of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in response to waves and currents. 

Five people sit around a large work table spread with computers and equipment
Seafloor Structure-from-Motion (SfM) ad-hoc workshop in St. Petersburg, Florida
Seafloor Structure-from-Motion (SfM) ad-hoc workshop in St. Petersburg, Florida
Seafloor Structure-from-Motion (SfM) ad-hoc workshop in St. Petersburg, Florida

The USGS Processes Impacting Seafloor Change and Ecosystem Services (PISCES) project team meeting at the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in May 2022 to coordinate Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras (SQUID-5) and diver-based SfM data acquisition and processing for field work.

The USGS Processes Impacting Seafloor Change and Ecosystem Services (PISCES) project team meeting at the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in May 2022 to coordinate Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras (SQUID-5) and diver-based SfM data acquisition and processing for field work.

People in hard hats operate scientific equipment on the deck of a research vessel at sea. One holds a large yellow funnel.
Retrieving a sediment trap on the R/V Weatherbird II
Retrieving a sediment trap on the R/V Weatherbird II
Retrieving a sediment trap on the R/V Weatherbird II

Caitlin Reynolds retrieving one of the sediment traps used by USGS to study sediment flux in the Gulf of Mexico on board the Research Vessel (R/V) Weatherbird II (Florida Institute of Oceanography).

Caitlin Reynolds retrieving one of the sediment traps used by USGS to study sediment flux in the Gulf of Mexico on board the Research Vessel (R/V) Weatherbird II (Florida Institute of Oceanography).

people in life vests taking water samples from a large cylindrical piece of scientific equipment on board a research vessel
Taking water samples from a CTD-rosette
Taking water samples from a CTD-rosette
Graphic showing structure of the ocean floor from beach to deep sea
USGS Ocean Research
USGS Ocean Research
USGS Ocean Research

Our coasts, the most familiar part of the ocean are the gateway to the larger deeper ocean world. USGS studies processes and hazards in the coastal zone and how they affect people, wildlife, and ecosystems.

Our coasts, the most familiar part of the ocean are the gateway to the larger deeper ocean world. USGS studies processes and hazards in the coastal zone and how they affect people, wildlife, and ecosystems.

A woman stands beside a green table pointing to a strip of raised sand with tiny models of buildings on it
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity

Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity at the LCC Day School in St. Petersburg, FL, to showcase how hurricane-force winds can cause damage to coastal environments.

Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity at the LCC Day School in St. Petersburg, FL, to showcase how hurricane-force winds can cause damage to coastal environments.

A collection of equipment is mounted on  yellow catamaran in the bay. In the background: a pier & skyline with tall buildings
SQUID-5 test near the St. Pete Pier
SQUID-5 test near the St. Pete Pier
a scientists talks to students at a table with a bin of water and sand
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts outreach
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts outreach
Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts outreach

Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity at the LCC Day School in St. Petersburg, FL, to showcase how hurricane-force winds can cause damage to coastal environments.

Dr. Legna Torres-García conducts an erosion model activity at the LCC Day School in St. Petersburg, FL, to showcase how hurricane-force winds can cause damage to coastal environments.

Two men deploy scientific equipment mounted on yellow tanks into the bay
SQUID-5 deployment in Tampa Bay
SQUID-5 deployment in Tampa Bay
SQUID-5 deployment in Tampa Bay

The SQUID-5, or Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras, being deployed by Mitch Lemon (SPCMSC, on the left) and Gerry Hatcher (PCMSC, on the right)  in Tampa Bay for testing.

The SQUID-5, or Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras, being deployed by Mitch Lemon (SPCMSC, on the left) and Gerry Hatcher (PCMSC, on the right)  in Tampa Bay for testing.

Scientific equipment mounted on two yellow tanks is sitting on a grassy lawn waiting for deployment in the bay
SQUID-5 being prepped for a test run
SQUID-5 being prepped for a test run
SQUID-5 being prepped for a test run

The SQUID-5, or Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras, shown being staged for a test run at the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. In the background, Andy Farmer (SPCMSC) and Gerry Hatcher (PCMSC) prep the R/V Sallenger, the vessel being used to tow the device. 

The SQUID-5, or Structure-from-motion (SfM) Quantitative Underwater Imaging Device with 5 cameras, shown being staged for a test run at the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center. In the background, Andy Farmer (SPCMSC) and Gerry Hatcher (PCMSC) prep the R/V Sallenger, the vessel being used to tow the device. 

A green research vessel loaded with scientific equipment, labeled "R/V Weatherbird II, St. Petersburg, FL"
R/V Weatherbird II in port
R/V Weatherbird II in port
R/V Weatherbird II in port

The R/V Weatherbird II docked at the Florida Institute of Oceanography at University of South Florida (USF) College of Marine Science in St. Petersburg, Florida. USGS scientists and partners at Eckerd College and USF load the vessel in preparation for a research cruise as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Scientists-at-Sea program.

The R/V Weatherbird II docked at the Florida Institute of Oceanography at University of South Florida (USF) College of Marine Science in St. Petersburg, Florida. USGS scientists and partners at Eckerd College and USF load the vessel in preparation for a research cruise as part of a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Scientists-at-Sea program.

A small green boat moves through the sea near shore
Sub-bottom surveying at Seven Mile Island, New Jersey
Sub-bottom surveying at Seven Mile Island, New Jersey
Sub-bottom surveying at Seven Mile Island, New Jersey

A floating sled that enables sub‐bottom surveying in shallow water, nearshore, and shore‐face environments. The sled is equipped with an EdgeTech SB‐512i chirp system and single‐beam sonar. This equipment is used to collect seismic sub‐bottom profiles and single‐beam bathymetry.

A floating sled that enables sub‐bottom surveying in shallow water, nearshore, and shore‐face environments. The sled is equipped with an EdgeTech SB‐512i chirp system and single‐beam sonar. This equipment is used to collect seismic sub‐bottom profiles and single‐beam bathymetry.

Mapa en escala gris muestra las trayectorias de cuatro huracanes identificados con líneas de colores cerca de la isla de Puer
Trayectorias de los huracanes, Puerto Rico
Trayectorias de los huracanes, Puerto Rico
Trayectorias de los huracanes, Puerto Rico

Trayectorias de los huracanes Hugo (1989), Georges (1998), Irma (2017) y María (2017). Datos provistos por la NOAA. La imagen de base es propiedad intelectual de Esri y se usa aquí bajo licencia. Los derechos de autor y reproducción son propiedad de Esri y sus licenciatarios. 

Trayectorias de los huracanes Hugo (1989), Georges (1998), Irma (2017) y María (2017). Datos provistos por la NOAA. La imagen de base es propiedad intelectual de Esri y se usa aquí bajo licencia. Los derechos de autor y reproducción son propiedad de Esri y sus licenciatarios. 

A scientist sits on a personal watercraft on the water with a beach in the background where several scientists stand
Multiple gears used to collect data on the Seven Mile Island shoreface
Multiple gears used to collect data on the Seven Mile Island shoreface
Multiple gears used to collect data on the Seven Mile Island shoreface

BJ Reynolds of the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center operates a personal watercraft near the shoreline of Seven Mile Island, New Jersey. This vessel is used to collect single beam bathymetry (depth and seafloor shape) in the nearshore, and the equipment on the shoreline is used to collect chirp seismic reflection on the shoreface and inner shelf.

BJ Reynolds of the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center operates a personal watercraft near the shoreline of Seven Mile Island, New Jersey. This vessel is used to collect single beam bathymetry (depth and seafloor shape) in the nearshore, and the equipment on the shoreline is used to collect chirp seismic reflection on the shoreface and inner shelf.

examples of different coastlines, estuaries, wetlands, and marshes
Coasts, Estuaries, Wetlands, and Marshes
Coasts, Estuaries, Wetlands, and Marshes
Coasts, Estuaries, Wetlands, and Marshes

Photograph collage representing different coastlines; permafrost coasts, sandy beaches, rocky beaches, wetlands and marshes, cliff-backed beaches, and estuaries.  

Photograph collage representing different coastlines; permafrost coasts, sandy beaches, rocky beaches, wetlands and marshes, cliff-backed beaches, and estuaries.  

Abstract looking shapes show the water depth near a coral reef: shallower shapes at top and deeper shapes at bottom
Bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) of Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021
Bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) of Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021
Bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) of Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef, Florida, 2021

A digital elevation model (DEM) was created from underwater images collected at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef near Key West, Florida, in May 2021 using the SQUID-5 camera system. The underwater images were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques into a classified two-class ('unclassified' and 'low noise') 3D point cloud.

A digital elevation model (DEM) was created from underwater images collected at Eastern Dry Rocks coral reef near Key West, Florida, in May 2021 using the SQUID-5 camera system. The underwater images were processed using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques into a classified two-class ('unclassified' and 'low noise') 3D point cloud.

View from the dunes of waves crashing on a sandy beach with grassy shoreline and some dead trees under a gray sky.
Looking towards the beach in the High Dune Wilderness of Fire Island
Looking towards the beach in the High Dune Wilderness of Fire Island
Looking towards the beach in the High Dune Wilderness of Fire Island

Looking over the dunes towards the beach in the Otis Pike Fire Island High Dune Wilderness at Fire Island, New York. 

Scientist holds and analyzes a thin cylinder of sand and mud in front of a sandy vegetated area next to a hole in the ground
Geologist Julie Bernier examines a water-logged sand auger core
Geologist Julie Bernier examines a water-logged sand auger core
Geologist Julie Bernier examines a water-logged sand auger core

Scientists collected sand auger cores from Fire Island to help reconstruct the evolution of the barrier over the last several centuries, with the goal of quantifying changes in sediment input and partitioning through time (e.g. how sand is distributed between the terrestrial portion of the barrier and the beach/shoreface).

Scientists collected sand auger cores from Fire Island to help reconstruct the evolution of the barrier over the last several centuries, with the goal of quantifying changes in sediment input and partitioning through time (e.g. how sand is distributed between the terrestrial portion of the barrier and the beach/shoreface).