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first order stream in the Catskill Mountains

Collapse of Kīlauea's caldera floor has exposed South Sulphur Bank, prominent in the mid-19th century but covered as lava flows filled the caldera. The flat top of the white deposit shows how high the caldera fill reached. As the caldera floor dropped in mid-June 2018, South Sulphur Bank was again exposed.

At 68 hours post fertilization, this laboratory produced sturgeon egg is about ready to hatch.

The Belle Fourche River is a major drainage for the northern Black Hills of South Dakota.

Redwater River near Belle Fourche, SD.

USGS regional research drill rig constructing sites near the south bank of the Truckee River just downstream of USGS 10350000 Truckee River at Vista. The wells were constructed to investigate surface water groundwater interaction.

The Lime Creek observation well in Rapid City, SD, is a flowing well where the shut-in pressure is measured. The well is completed in the Madison aquifer and is 1,391-feet deep.

The Limestone Plateau along the South Dakota-Wyoming border west of Custer, SD. Numerous headwater springs occur along the eastern edge of the Limestone Plateau. Large outcrops of the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation form the plateau.

Streamgage on Grace Coolidge Creek near Game Lodge near Custer, SD, 06404998.

Photograph taken in 2001 of an area burned by the Jasper Fire that started on August 24, 2000, just west of Jewel Cave in the southern Black Hills of South Dakota. A total of about 84,000 acres was burned by the Jasper Fire.

Batavia Kill at Red Falls, Greene County, NY

Bear Butte Creek in northern Black Hills near Deadwood, SD.

Bear Butte Creek in northern Black Hills near Deadwood, SD.

Beaver Creek at Mallo Camp near Four Corners, WY.

Towering cliff of the Deadwood Formation in Deadwood, SD. The Deadwood Formation consists mostly of sandstone and shale.

Fish seining efforts on the Colorado River

Grace Collidge Creek above loss zone in southern Black Hills of South Dakota.

Spearfish Formation near Spearfish, SD. The Spearfish Formation is a red, silty shale with interbedded red sandstone and siltstone. The formation contains massive gypsum deposits, which is the white layer in the photograph.

Naturally occuring bog-iron area near Rochford, SD, in the Black Hills of western South Dakota.

Outcrop of the Madison Limestone in Spearfish Canyon in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota. The Madison Limestone is a massive, gray to buff limestone with some dolomite.

Outcrop of the Minneslua Formation at Ranch A near Beulah, Wyoming. The Minnelusa Formation consists mostly of yellow to red sandstone, limestone, dolomite, and shale.