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A woman wearing a lab coat and rubber gloves holds a plastic dropper over a hole in a machine in a laboratory.
Laser diffraction for measuring sediment size fractions
Laser diffraction for measuring sediment size fractions
Laser diffraction for measuring sediment size fractions

The Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 uses laser diffraction to automatically analyze sediment size fractions between 2 millimeters and 0.35 micron (-1 phi to 11.5 phi).

The Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 uses laser diffraction to automatically analyze sediment size fractions between 2 millimeters and 0.35 micron (-1 phi to 11.5 phi).

A woman in a lab coat stands in front of a machine operating a turnstile with a beaker in it.
X-ray particle-size analysis of sediment settling rates
X-ray particle-size analysis of sediment settling rates
X-ray particle-size analysis of sediment settling rates

The Micromeritics Sedigraph III uses X-rays to automatically analyze settling times for sediment sizes between 300 microns and 0.1 microns (2 phi to 13 phi).

The Micromeritics Sedigraph III uses X-rays to automatically analyze settling times for sediment sizes between 300 microns and 0.1 microns (2 phi to 13 phi).

A woman in a lab coat climbs steps next to a large clear tube suspended upright in a metal frame
Settling tube lab
Settling tube lab
Settling tube lab

For some projects, scientists want to calculate sediment settling velocity and need to measure particle size using gravity. We use custom-built settling tubes filled with water – three at 2 meters tall (like the one shown here) and one 3 meters tall.

For some projects, scientists want to calculate sediment settling velocity and need to measure particle size using gravity. We use custom-built settling tubes filled with water – three at 2 meters tall (like the one shown here) and one 3 meters tall.

A woman in a lab coat prepares to pour a small amount of sediment onto louvered opening above a tube filled with water.
Settling tube sediment delivery mechanism
Settling tube sediment delivery mechanism
Settling tube sediment delivery mechanism

The settling tube is filled with water and a pre-weighed sediment sample of mixed particle sizes is poured onto this brass "gate" at the top of the tube. When the operator flips the switch, the gate opens quickly like a venetian blind, releasing the whole sediment sample into the water column at the same time.

The settling tube is filled with water and a pre-weighed sediment sample of mixed particle sizes is poured onto this brass "gate" at the top of the tube. When the operator flips the switch, the gate opens quickly like a venetian blind, releasing the whole sediment sample into the water column at the same time.

A hand holds a knob that turns a glass plate inside a vessel of water with a window.
Settling tube pan and microbalance
Settling tube pan and microbalance
Settling tube pan and microbalance

After releasing sediment into the top of a settling tube filled with water, a pan and microbalance collects and weighs the sediment as it slowly reaches the bottom of the tube. A computer records the cumulative sediment weight over time, as well as how long it took each particle to reach the pan.

After releasing sediment into the top of a settling tube filled with water, a pan and microbalance collects and weighs the sediment as it slowly reaches the bottom of the tube. A computer records the cumulative sediment weight over time, as well as how long it took each particle to reach the pan.

In a laboratory, a woman in a lab coat stands in front of a machine with a computer screen that is lit up.
Carbon analysis system
Carbon analysis system
Carbon analysis system

In the carbon analysis laboratory, these three instruments (the UIC CM250) automatically analyze the total carbon, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon content of multiple dried sediment samples. 

In the carbon analysis laboratory, these three instruments (the UIC CM250) automatically analyze the total carbon, total organic carbon, and total inorganic carbon content of multiple dried sediment samples. 

A woman in a lab coat stands in front of an apparatus with a thin cylindrical glass tube attached to flexible plastic tubing.
Total inorganic carbon content analyzer
Total inorganic carbon content analyzer
Total inorganic carbon content analyzer

The UIC CM5230/CM5015 analyzes total inorganic carbon content. It's less automated than other analyzers, but often easier to use.

The UIC CM5230/CM5015 analyzes total inorganic carbon content. It's less automated than other analyzers, but often easier to use.

A woman in a lab coat stands in a lab opening the doors of a cabinet filled with glass beakers.
Fume hood lab
Fume hood lab
Fume hood lab

Our fume hood lab allows for sample preparation in safe conditions.

Our fume hood lab allows for sample preparation in safe conditions.

A woman in a lab coat reaches into a machine with a see-through window into a space with receptacles to hold bottles.
Accelerated solvent extractor
Accelerated solvent extractor
Accelerated solvent extractor

This Dionex ASE 350 accelerated solvent extractor automatically extracts hydrocarbons for further analysis. We also have a Zymark TurboVap II for sample preparation (not shown).

This Dionex ASE 350 accelerated solvent extractor automatically extracts hydrocarbons for further analysis. We also have a Zymark TurboVap II for sample preparation (not shown).

Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precision GPS to survey northern Monterey Bay
Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precis
Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precis
Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precis

Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precision GPS to survey northern Monterey Bay, California.

Andrew Stevens runs a personal watercraft rigged with sonar and precision GPS to survey northern Monterey Bay, California.

USGS researchers stay in radio contact with a personal watercraft operator offshore
USGS researchers stay in radio contact with a PWC operator
USGS researchers stay in radio contact with a PWC operator
USGS researchers stay in radio contact with a PWC operator

Alex Snyder (left) and SeanPaul La Selle stay in radio contact with a personal watercraft operator offshore in order to provide supplies and safety near Moss Landing, California. 

Alex Snyder (left) and SeanPaul La Selle stay in radio contact with a personal watercraft operator offshore in order to provide supplies and safety near Moss Landing, California. 

Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California
Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California
Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California
Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California

Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California. Dan drives the all-terrain vehicle seen behind him to rapidly survey long sections of beach using precision GPS. 

Dan Hoover takes a break near Moss Landing, California. Dan drives the all-terrain vehicle seen behind him to rapidly survey long sections of beach using precision GPS. 

Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack equipped with precision GPS at Zmudowski State Beach, California
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack

Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack equipped with precision GPS at Zmudowski State Beach, California. The fog-shrouded Moss Landing Power Plant looms in the background. 

Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a backpack equipped with precision GPS at Zmudowski State Beach, California. The fog-shrouded Moss Landing Power Plant looms in the background. 

USGS researchers are ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Massachusetts
USGS researchers are ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Mass.
USGS researchers are ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Mass.
USGS researchers are ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Mass.

Dann Blackwood, Jon Borden, and Steve Suttles of USGS ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. USGS scientists measure water velocity, water quality, suspended sediment, and many other values to improve computer models of wetland changes in coastal National Park Service units, including Cape Cod National Seashore.

Dann Blackwood, Jon Borden, and Steve Suttles of USGS ready to install moorings in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. USGS scientists measure water velocity, water quality, suspended sediment, and many other values to improve computer models of wetland changes in coastal National Park Service units, including Cape Cod National Seashore.

USGS researchers adjust a computer controlling video cameras on the roof of the Dream Inn
USGS researchers adjust a computer and video cameras on a roof
USGS researchers adjust a computer and video cameras on a roof
USGS researchers adjust a computer and video cameras on a roof

Gerry Hatcher (left) and Shawn Harrison adjust a computer controlling video cameras on the roof of the Dream Inn, a 10-story hotel overlooking Monterey Bay in Santa Cruz, California. Harrison uses the images to improve understanding and computer modeling of beach processes. 

Gerry Hatcher (left) and Shawn Harrison adjust a computer controlling video cameras on the roof of the Dream Inn, a 10-story hotel overlooking Monterey Bay in Santa Cruz, California. Harrison uses the images to improve understanding and computer modeling of beach processes. 

Jackson Currie maps ocean depths using a personal watercraft equipped with precision GPS and sonar near Capitola, California
USGS researcher maps ocean depths using a PWC with GPS and sonar
USGS researcher maps ocean depths using a PWC with GPS and sonar
USGS researcher maps ocean depths using a PWC with GPS and sonar

Jackson Currie maps ocean depths using a personal watercraft equipped with precision GPS and sonar near Capitola, California

Jackson Currie maps ocean depths using a personal watercraft equipped with precision GPS and sonar near Capitola, California

Shelving that has many bags, tubes, and boxes filled with sand and mud.
Refrigerated sample storage shelving
Refrigerated sample storage shelving
Refrigerated sample storage shelving

The refrigerated sample repository of the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz, CA includes easily accessible shelving space which can store thousands of samples.

The refrigerated sample repository of the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz, CA includes easily accessible shelving space which can store thousands of samples.

 Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a precision GPS backpack on Twin Lakes State Beach, California
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using precision GPS backpack
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using precision GPS backpack
Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using precision GPS backpack

Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a precision GPS backpack on Twin Lakes State Beach, California. USGS researchers have measured coastal sediment supply and transport patterns in northern Monterey Bay for five years. Twice each year they survey the coast from Santa Cruz to Moss Landing with a variety of devices.

Shawn Harrison surveys beach topography using a precision GPS backpack on Twin Lakes State Beach, California. USGS researchers have measured coastal sediment supply and transport patterns in northern Monterey Bay for five years. Twice each year they survey the coast from Santa Cruz to Moss Landing with a variety of devices.

Map showing depth of a very intricate bay and delta system color-coded to enhance central bay channels and tidal channels.
San Francisco Bay and Delta DEM
San Francisco Bay and Delta DEM
San Francisco Bay and Delta DEM

High-resolution (10-meter per pixel) digital elevation model (DEM) of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, using both bathymetry and topography data relative to current modern datum of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). This DEM is the result of collaborative efforts of the U.S.

High-resolution (10-meter per pixel) digital elevation model (DEM) of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, using both bathymetry and topography data relative to current modern datum of North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). This DEM is the result of collaborative efforts of the U.S.

Photo of equipment sitting on the deck of a boat which is docked, and it's sleeting or snowing.
R/V Barnes with USGS seismic system
R/V Barnes with USGS seismic system
R/V Barnes with USGS seismic system

University of Washington's research vessel R/V Barnes is loaded with the USGS multichannel seismic system components GeoEel, Chirp, and boom plates.

University of Washington's research vessel R/V Barnes is loaded with the USGS multichannel seismic system components GeoEel, Chirp, and boom plates.

Photo looks at a steep beach cliff with stairs built up it to allow access to the street level.
Isla Vista, California coastal bluff
Isla Vista, California coastal bluff
Isla Vista, California coastal bluff

Exposed bedrock on the beach during very low (negative) tide at Isla Vista, California.