Images

Vertical ground motion (red line) measured at GPS site P350, in central Idaho, and snow depth (expressed as Snow Water Equivalent, or SWE; blue line) measured at a nearby SNOTEL site, during 2010-2016. The GPS station moved downward due to the increasing load of the accumulating snow during winter months, and then upward when the snow melted during summer months.

Map depicting instruments deployed around Yellowstone Lake in 2018.

GPS time series from station NRWY, near Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park. The three plots show how the station is moving in a north-south direction (top), east-west direction (middle), and up-down direction (bottom).

View of one of the geothermal seeps that flows into the Yellowstone River south of LaDuke Hot Spring.

View of a clear blue hot spring pool of alkaline chloride fluid with silica sinter apron around it at Biscuit Basin.  This pool is generally close to the boiling temperature (200℉, 93℃) at this altitude (7200 ft, 2195 m).

Alkaline-chloride waters from an eruption of Old Faithful flow over the edge of the white silica sinter terrace into the Firehole River.  The orange coloration on the sinter terrace is due to thermophilic (high temperature) bacteria living in the warm fluids.  Old Faithful Inn is in the background, with the wooded Summit Lake rhyolitic lava flow behind.&nb

New thermal feature beneath the boardwalk on Geyser Hill, Upper Geyser Basin. Boards removed for better observation. Pump Geyser is mound at end of boardwalk. Old Faithful Inn in distance.

An unnamed but charismatic thermal feature alongside Ferris Fork, near the Bechler River. The center of the pool is roiling with gas bubbles, but not boiling! The pool is only about 180 degrees F (81 degrees C), and all the gas is bubbling up from underground.

Mules loaded with sampling equipment and supplies for a mission to collect gas and thermal water samples from the Bechler River area in the southwest part of Yellowstone National Park. 

Ear Spring photographed on September 16, 2018. Rocks and other debris on the ground surrounding the spring were ejected during the September 15 water eruption. The spring is dry in this photo.

Left: steel pipe with small temperature sensors placed every few inches. Right: temperature pipe installed in the streambed.

Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology and Montana Tech scientists preparing for a UAV flight on the west side of the Yellowstone River adjacent from LaDuke Hot Springs.

View of one of the geothermal seeps that flows into the Yellowstone River south of LaDuke Hot Spring.

Serapeum, a Roman Marketplace in Pozzuoli, Italy, records deformation of Campi Flegrei caldera over two millennia.

Dragon’s Mouth in the Mud Volcano Area of Yellowstone National Park.

Mushroom Pool, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park.

Hot spring waters with relatively high dissolved element concentrations on the floor of West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 7, 2018.

Fishing cone, a hot springs on the floor of Yellowstone Lake. The hot spring rim sits at lake level.

Sensor deployed in the Deep Hole, east of Stevenson Island to monitor long-term temperature and chemical variations in an active vent. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 4, 2018.

A sensor data logger recovered from the floor of Yellowstone Lake in the Deep Hole area in 2018 shows signs of melting due to unexpectedly high temperatures in sediments up to ~3 ft (1 m) away from an active hydrothermal vent. Image acquired by the Global Foundation for Ocean Exploration ROV Yogi on August 4, 2018.

Sensor (top), deformed battery/electronics package (bottom), and titanium sheath (left) following recovery from vent location A in teh Deep Hole area on the floor of Yellowstone Lake.