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Filter Total Items: 1332
Gas hydrates—Geological perspective and global change
Natural gas hydrates occur worldwide in polar regions, normally associated with onshore and offshore permafrost, and in sediment of outer continental and insular margins. The total amount of methane in gas hydrates likely exceeds 1019 g of methane carbon. Three aspects of gas hydrates are important: their fossil fuel resource potential, their role as a submarine geohazard, and their effects on glo
Authors
Keith A. Kvenvolden
Application of continuum models to deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc
Continuum models were constructed to describe large‐scale deformation of the Aleutian Island Arc over the past 5 m.y. These models consider the island arc as a continuum in the horizontal plane with the velocity boundary condition at the Pacific edge stated as a fraction of Pacific plate convergence transferred to the arc. First, a simple model of uniformly distributed strain is formulated to illu
Authors
Eric L. Geist, David W. Scholl
Shear stress and bed roughness estimates for combined wave and current flows over a rippled bed
High‐quality bottom boundary layer measurements and bottom photographs were obtained over a sand substrate during a 10‐day deployment of the GEOPROBE tripod at an inner shelf (35‐m water depth) location off northern California. The seafloor surrounding the tripod was composed of well‐sorted medium‐grained (mean diameter, 0.25 mm) sand which was formed into symmetrical wave ripples with heights of
Authors
D. E. Drake, D. A. Cacchione, W.D. Grant
Evidence for cenozoic crustal extension in the Bering Sea region
Geophysical and regional geologic data provide evidence that parts of the oceanic crust in the abyssal basins of the Bering Sea have been created or altered by crustal extension and back‐arc spreading. These processes have occurred during and since early Eocene time when the Aleutian Ridge developed and isolated oceanic crust within parts of the Bering Sea. The crust in the Aleutian Basin, previou
Authors
Alan K. Cooper, M. S. Marlow, D.W. Scholl, A. J. Stevenson
Submarine sedimentary features on a fjord delta front, Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska
Side-scan sonar images provide a view of an actively changing delta front in a marine outwash fjord in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Numerous interconnected gullies and chute-like small channels form paths for the transport of sand and coarse silt from the braided glacial outwash streams on the delta plain to the sinuous turbidity-current channels incised into the fjord floor. These turbidity-current chann
Authors
Paul R. Carlson, Ross D. Powell, Andrew C. Phillips
Quartz solubility in hydrothermal seawater: An experimental study and equation describing quartz solubility for up to 0.5 M NaCl solutions
Experimental investigations confirm an increase of quartz solubility in sea-water relative to distilled water. Combination of the experimental data with published data, most of which related to distilled water, permitted construction of a database for calculating an equation that fits all the data. Application of the equation indicates a shallower depth of circulation for sea- floor hydrothermal w
Authors
K. L. Von Damm, James L. Bischoff, Robert J. Rosenbauer
National workshop on gas hydrates
The range of present knowledge on the subject of gas hydrates and related federal research programs was the topic of discussion at the National Workshop on Gas Hydrates, April 23–24. The intention of the meeting was to provide the impetus for an expanded and broader‐based national research program in both academia and government. Held at the U.S. Geological Survey National Center, Reston, Va., the
Authors
M.D. Max, William P. Dillon, R.D. Malone, Keith A. Kvenvolden
Sonobuoy seismic studies at ODP drill sites in Prydz Bay, Antarctica
Five sonobuoy seismic-refraction records were collected along the Leg 119 geophysical transect across the Prydz Bay shelf. Velocity-depth profiles are computed from the sonobuoy data and are used to produce a depth section for the principal acoustic unit boundaries observed in the seismic-reflection data along the transect. Traveltime curves generated by ray-tracing for models constructed from dow
Authors
Guy R. Cochrane, Alan K. Cooper
Seismic stratigraphy and structure of Prydz Bay, Antarctica: Implications from Leg 119 drilling
Prydz Bay is situated on the MacRobertson Land coast of East Antarctica at the seaward end of a 700-km-long transverse rift zone, the Lambert Rift. New and reprocessed seismic reflection data are combined with drilling results from five Leg 119 sites across Prydz Bay to study the regional stratigraphy and structure of the continental shelf and upper slope. Severe seismic multiples hamper interpret
Authors
Alan K. Cooper, Howard Stagg, Eric L. Geist
Offshore and onshore liquefaction at Moss Landing spit, central California, - result of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake
As a result of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta (Santa Cruz Mountains, California) earthquake, liquefaction of the fluvial, estuarine, eolian, and beach sediments under a sand spit destroyed the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and damaged other structures and utilities. Initial studies suggested that the liquefaction was a local phenomenon. More detailed offshore investigations, however, indicat
Authors
H. Gary Greene
Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes
Two distinct hydrogeochemical regimes currently dominate the Peruvian continental margin. One, in shallower water (150-450 m) shelf to upper-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with strong positive chloride gradients with depth. The maximum measured value of 1043 mM chloride at Site 680 at ITS corresponds to a degree of seawater evaporation of ~2 times. Major ion chemistry and s
Authors
Miriam Kastner, Henry Elderfield, J.B. Martin, Erwin Suess, Keith A. Kvenvolden, Robert E. Garrison
Hydrocarbon gases in Tertiary and Quaternary sediments offshore Peru; results and comparisons
Hydrocarbon gases (methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, «-butane, ethene, and propene) are present in Tertiary and Quaternary shelf, upper-slope, and lower-slope deposits of the Peruvian continental margin. Methane dominates the composition of the hydrocarbon gas at all 10 sites examined during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112. Generation of methane is regulated by the amount of sulfate in por
Authors
Keith A. Kvenvolden, Tamara Frank, M. Golan-Bac