Book Chapters
Science Quality and Integrity
The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
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Dynamic abiotic habitat
The factors affecting an organism can be divided into two general classes, abiotic and biotic. Abiotic factors include features of the physical and chemical environment, such as climate, water movement, and many aspects of water quality. Biotic factors refer to those involving living organisms and their interactions, such as the organisms and processes in a food web. We also distinguish between dy
Authors
Larry R. Brown, Steven B. Slater, Michael L. MacWilliams
Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California
This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age. By combinin
Authors
James F. Parham, John A. Barron, Jorge Velez-Juarbe
Introduction to the Python Hyperspectral Analysis Tool (PyHAT)
Spectroscopic data are rich in information and are commonly used in planetary research. Many mission teams, research labs, and individual research scientists derive thematic products from multi- and hyperspectral data sets and apply spectroscopic analysis techniques to derive new understanding. The PyHAT is a powerful and versatile, free, and open-source Python library designed to support explorat
Authors
Jason Laura, Lisa R. Gaddis, Ryan Anderson, Itiya Aneece
Spatially integrating microbiology and geochemistry to reveal complex environmental health issues: Anthrax in the contiguous United States
Maxent models were run using the B. anthracis presence data and/or the animal outbreak presence data. Models run using the animal outbreak data alone utilized two scales: the Outbreak State scale which included only states reporting animal anthrax outbreaks from 2001 to 2013 and the National scale which included all states in the contiguous United States. Three iterations of the environmental data
Authors
Erin Silvestri, Stephen Douglas, Vicky Luna, C.A.O. Jean-Babtiste, D. Harbin, Laura Hempel, Timothy Boe, Tonya Nichols, Dale W. Griffin
Climate change and plant regeneration from seeds in Mediterranean regions of the Northern Hemisphere
Mediterranean regions are biodiversity hotspots whose landscapes are characterized by evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation, mild-wet winters, and hot-dry summers. In the Northern Hemisphere, they occur in the Mediterranean Basin and California regions. In these areas, whose habitats are heavily shaped by centuries of anthropic activities, the main effects of climate change include a decrease in pre
Authors
Efsio Mattana, Angelino Carta, Eduardo Fernández-Pascual, Jon Keeley, Hugh W. Pritchard
Immunopathology
No abstract available.
Authors
Khattapan Jantawongsri, Brian Jones, Diane G. Elliott, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Barbara F. Nowak
Climate change and fishes in estuaries
This chapter provides an overview of the main drivers of change in estuarine systems, their expected causes and impacts on estuarine fish and fisheries. An analysis of global, regional and local patterns of estuarine fish and how climate-induced change may impact estuarine systems and their fish communities is provided. We also examine the main environmental, climatic and biological stressors like
Authors
Bronwyn M Gillanders, Matthew N. McMillan, P. Reis-Santos, Lee J. Baumgartner, Larry R. Brown, John Conallin, Frederick V. Feyrer, Sofia Henriques, Nicola C. James, Andrés J Jaureguizar, André L. M. Pessanha, Rita P. Vasconcelos, An V. Vu, Benjamin Walther, Arif Wibowo
Genetic processes facilitating pathogen emergence
The goal of biosecurity is to minimize the risk of introduction and transmission of infectious diseases to people, animals, and plants. This is achieved by accurately identifying pathogens and instituting appropriate methods to prevent their introduction, reemergence, and/or spread. However, disease is dynamic, and biosecurity needs to continually change to keep pace as pathogens evolve. As descri
Authors
N. J. Grunwald, C. E. Brown, Hon S. Ip, J. H. Chang
Early Pliocene marine transgression into the lower Colorado River valley, southwestern USA, by re-flooding of a former tidal strait
Marine straits and seaways are known to host a wide range of sedimentary processes and products, but the role of marine connections in the development of large river systems remains little studied. This study explores a hypothesis that shallow-marine waters flooded the lower Colorado River valley at c. 5 Ma along a fault-controlled former tidal strait, soon after the river was first integrated int
Authors
Rebecca Dorsey, Juan Carlos Braga, Kevin Gardner, Kristin McDougall-Reid, Brennan O’Connell
Northern Cascadia Margin gas hydrates — Regional geophysical surveying, IODP drilling leg 311, and cabled observatory monitoring
This article reviews extensive geophysical survey data, ocean drilling results and long-term seafloor monitoring that constrain the distribution and concentration of gas hydrates within the accretionary prism of the northern Cascadia subduction margin, located offshore Vancouver Island in Canada. Seismic surveys and geologic studies conducted since the 1980s have mapped the bottom simulating refle
Authors
Michael Riedel, Timothy S. Collett, Martin Scherwath, John W. Pohlman, Roy Hyndman, George Spence
Alaska North Slope terrestrial gas hydrate systems: Insights from scientific drilling
A wealth of information has been accumulated regarding the occurrence of gas hydrates in nature, leading to significant advancements in our understanding of the geologic controls on their occurrence in both the terrestrial and marine settings of the Arctic. Gas hydrate accumulations discovered in the Alaska North Slope have been the focus of several important geoscience and production testing rese
Authors
Timothy S. Collett, Ray M. Boswell, Margarita V. Zyrianova