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The USGS provides unbiased, objective, and impartial scientific information upon which our audiences, including resource managers, planners, and other entities, rely.
Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.
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Evaluating the status of individuals and populations: Advantages of multiple approaches and time scales
The assessment of population status is a central goal of applied wildlife research and essential to the field of wildlife conservation. “Population status” has a number of definitions, the most widely used having to do with the current trajectory of the population (i.e., growing, stable, or declining), or the probability of persistence (i.e., extinction risk), perhaps without any specific knowledg
Authors
Daniel H. Monson, Lizabeth Bowen
Evaluation of a five-year shoal bass conservation-stocking program in the upper Chattahoochee River, Georgia: Chapter 16
This work demonstrates the utility of restoration stocking to restore an endemic species.
Authors
Michael J. Porta, James M. Long
The comparative limnology of Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon
Lakes Nyos and Monoun are known for the dangerous accumulation of CO2 dissolved in stagnant bottom water, but the shallow waters that conceal this hazard are dilute and undergo seasonal changes similar to other deep crater lakes in the tropics. Here we discuss these changes with reference to climatic and water-column data collected at both lakes during the years following the gas release disasters
Authors
George Kling, William C Evans, Gregory Tanyileke
Hybridization threatens shoal bass populations in the Upper Chattahoochee River Basin: Chapter 37
Shoal bass are native only to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river system of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, and are vulnerable to extinction as a result of population fragmentation and introduction of non-native species. We assessed the genetic integrity of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin (above Lake Lanier, Big Creek, and below Morgan Falls Dam) and
Authors
Elizabeth E Dakin, Brady A. Porter, Byron J. Freeman, James M. Long
Delicate balance of magmatic-tectonic interaction at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, revealed from slow slip events: Chapter 13
Eleven slow slip events (SSEs) have occurred on the southern flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i, since 1997 through 2014. We analyze this series of SSEs in the context of Kilauea’s magma system to assess whether or not there are interactions between these tectonic events and eruptive/intrusive activity. Over time, SSEs have increased in magnitude and become more regular, with interevent times avera
Authors
Emily Montgomery-Brown, Michael P. Poland, Asta Miklius
Hawaiian fissure fountains: Quantifying vent and shallow conduit geometry, episode 1 of the 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption
Geometries of shallow magmatic pathways feeding volcanic eruptions are poorly constrained, yet many key interpretations about eruption dynamics depend on knowledge of these geometries. Direct quantification is difficult because vents typically become blocked with lava at the end of eruptions. Indirect geophysical techniques have shed light on some volcanic conduit geometries, but the scales are to
Authors
Carolyn Parcheta, Sarah Fagents, Donald A. Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, Todd Ericksen
Phreatomagmatic and related eruption styles
No abstract available.
Authors
Bruce F. Houghton, James DL White, Alexa R. Van Eaton
Onset of rejuvenated-stage volcanism and the formation of Līhu‘e Basin: Kaua‘i events that occurred 3-4 million years ago
For ocean-island volcanoes, an understanding of rejuvenated-stage volcanism requires knowing the age of onset, duration of the volcanic episode, and length of quiescence that preceded the rejuvenated pulse. On the Island of Kaua‘i, cuttings from two lava flows intercepted in the Hanamā‘ulu well (Līhu‘e basin) and assigned to the Kōloa Volcanics on basis of major-element, trace-element, and isotope
Authors
David R. Sherrod, Scot K. Izuka, Brian L. Cousens
“Points requiring elucidation” about Hawaiian volcanism
Hawaiian volcanoes, which are easily accessed and observed at close range, are among the most studied on the planet and have spurred great advances in the geosciences, from understanding deep Earth processes to forecasting volcanic eruptions. More than a century of continuous observation and study of Hawai‘i's volcanoes has also sharpened focus on those questions that remain unanswered. Although t
Authors
Michael P. Poland
Are Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion) and Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) really “Analog Volcanoes”?
The basaltic ocean island volcanoes of Kīlauea (Island of Hawai‘i) and Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island) are remarkable natural laboratories for volcanology. Both are near the active ends of long hotspot chains and host frequent eruptive activity (both effusive and explosive). Investigations of the geophysical, geochemical, and geologic manifestations of volcanism at the two locales provid
Authors
Michael P. Poland, Aline Peltier, Thomas Staudacher
Crustal stress and structure at Kīlauea Volcano inferred from seismic anisotropy
Seismic anisotropy, measured through shear wave splitting (SWS) analysis, can be indicative of the state of stress in Earth's crust. Changes in SWS at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, associated with the onset of summit eruptive activity in 2008 hint at the potential of the technique for tracking volcanic activity. To use SWS observations as a monitoring tool, however, it is important to understand the c
Authors
Jessica H. Johnson, Donald Swanson, Diana C. Roman, Michael P. Poland, Weston A. Thelen
Evidence for large compositional ranges in coeval melts erupted from Kīlauea's summit reservoir
Petrologic observations on Kīlauea's lavas include abundant microprobe analyses of glasses, which show the range of melts available in Kīlauea's summit reservoir over time. During the past two centuries, compositions of melts erupted within the caldera have been limited to MgO = 6.3–7.5 wt%. Extracaldera lavas of the 1959, 1971, and 1974 eruptions contain melts with up to 10.2, 8.9, and 9.2 wt% Mg
Authors
Rosalind T. Helz, David A. Clague, Larry G. Mastin, Timothy R. Rose