Publications
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Preventing volcanic catastrophe; the U.S. International Volcano Disaster Assistance Program
When the seismograph began to record the violent earth-shaking caused by yet another eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia, no one thought that a few hours later more than 23,000 people would be dead, killed by lahars (volcanic debris flows) in towns and villages several tens of kilometers away from the volcano. Before the fatal eruption the volcano was being monitored by scientists
Authors
J.W. Ewert, T.L. Murray, A. B. Lockhart, C.D. Miller
Mt. Spurr's 1992 eruptions
On June 27, 1992, the Crater Peak vent on the south side of Mt. Spurr awoke from 39 years of dormancy and burst into subplinian eruption after 10 months of elevated seismicity. Two more eruptions followed in August and September. The volcano lies 125-km west of Anchorage, which is Alaska's largest city and an important international hub for air travel. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) was able
Water fact sheet, history of landslides and debris flows at Mount Rainier
Many landslides and debris flows have originated from Mount Rainier since the retreat of glaciers from Puget Sound about 10,000 years ago. The recurrent instability is due to several factors--height of the steep-sided volcanic cone, frequent volcanic activity, continuous weakening of rock by steam and hot, chemical-laden water, and exposure of unstable areas as the mountains glaciers have receded.
Authors
K. M. Scott, J.W. Vallance
Chemical analyses of pre-Mazama silicic volcanic rocks, inclusions, and glass separates, Crater Lake, Oregon
No abstract available.
Authors
P. E. Bruggman, C. R. Bacon, J. S. Mee, S. T. Pribble, D. F. Siems
Can rain cause volcanic eruptions?
Volcanic eruptions are renowned for their violence and destructive power. This power comes ultimately from the heat and pressure of molten rock and its contained gases. Therefore we rarely consider the possibility that meteoric phenomena, like rainfall, could promote or inhibit their occurrence. Yet from time to time observers have suggested that weather may affect volcanic activity. In the late 1
Authors
Larry G. Mastin
The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989: Preseismic observations
The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, Calif., Ms=7.1 earthquake provided the first opportunity in the history of fault monitoring in the United States to gather multidisciplinary preearthquake data in the near field of an M=7 earthquake. The data obtained include observations on seismicity, continuous strain, long-term ground displacement, magnetic field, and hydrology. The papers in this chapter des
Authors
Malcolm J. S. Johnston, Jean A. Olson, David P. Hill, Anthony C. Fraser-Smith, Arman Bernardi, Robert A. Helliwell, Paul R. McGill, O.G. Villard, Robert J. Mueller, Randall A. White, William L. Ellsworth, Evelyn A. Roeloffs, Alan T. Linde, M. T. Gladwin, R. L. Gwyther, R.H.G. Hart, Michael Lisowski, James C. Savage, William H. Prescott, Jerry L. Svarc, Mark Hunter Murray, P.G. Silver, N. J. Valette-Silver, Olga Kolbek
Dynamics of Kilauea Volcano
One of the longest volcanic eruptions in recorded history began in 1983. Lava flows from Kilauea have since added 120 hectares of new land to the island of Hawaii and covered 100 square kilometres. Kilauea is one of the most thoroughly studied volcanoes in the world. That scrutiny is helping scientists to understand how volcanoes work and to predict where other destructive eruptions might occur. M
Authors
J.J. Dvorak, Carl Johnson, Robert I. Tilling
Gravity-driven groundwater flow and slope failure potential: 2. Effects of slope morphology, material properties, and hydraulic heterogeneity
Hillslope morphology, material properties, and hydraulic heterogeneities influence the role of groundwater flow in provoking slope instability. We evaluate these influences quantitatively by employing the elastic effective stress model and Coulomb failure potential concept described in our companion paper (Iverson and Reid, this issue). Sensitivity analyses show that of four dimensionless quantiti
Authors
Mark E. Reid, Richard M. Iverson
Morphology of the island of Hawaii
Digital elevation data for the island of Hawaii from the U.S. Geographical Survey gridded at 30 m spacing was used to generate a slope map, a shaded relief map, and plots that compare slope and elevation for each of the five volcanoes that compose the island.These computer- generated products are useful in analyzing the morphology of the sland. The volcanoes become steeper with increasing age. The
Authors
James G. Moore, Robert K. Mark
Spatial and temporal distribution of shallow landsliding during intense rainfall, southeastern Oahu, Hawaii
No abstract available.
Authors
Thomas C. Pierson, Richard M. Iverson, Stephen D. Ellen
Partially melted granodiorite and related rocks ejected from Crater Lake caldera, Oregon
Blocks of medium-grained granodiorite to 4 m, and minor diabase, quartz diorite, granite, aplite and granophyre, are common in ejecta of the ∼6,900 yr BP caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama. The blocks show degrees of melting from 0–50 vol%. Because very few have adhering juvenile magma, it is thought that the blocks are fragments of the Holocene magma chamber’s walls. Primary crystallisation
Authors
Charles R. Bacon
Sensitivity of stability analyses to groundwater data
No abstract available.
Authors
Richard M. Iverson