Publications
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Structured elicitation of expert judgement in real-time eruption scenarios: An exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island
Formalised elicitation of expert judgements has been used to help tackle several problematic societal issues, including volcanic crises and pandemic threats. We present an expert elicitation exercise for Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island, held remotely in April 2021. This involved 28 experts from nine countries who considered a hypothetical effusive eruption crisis involving a new v
Authors
Alessandro Tadini, Andrew J. L. Harris, Julie Morin, Andrea Bevilacqua, Aline Peltier, Willy Aspinall, Stefano Ciolli, Patrick Bachèlery, Benjamin Bernard, Jonas Biren, António Brum da Silveira, Valéry Cayol, Oryaëlle Chevrel, Diego Coppola, Hannah R. Dietterich, Amy Donovan, Olaya Dorado, Stéphane Drenne, Olivier Dupéré, Lucia Gurioli, Stephan Kolzenburg, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Philippe Labazuy, Domenico Mangione, Stefano Mannini, François Martel-Asselin, Etienne Médard, Sophie Pailot-Bonnétat, Victoria Rafflin, Michael Ramsey, Nicole Richter, Silvia Vallejo-Vargas, Nicolas Villeneuve, Silvia Zafrilla
Modeling the dynamics of lahars that originate as landslides on the west side of Mount Rainier, Washington
Large lahars pose substantial threats to people and property downstream from Mount Rainier volcano in Washington State. Geologic evidence indicates that these threats exist even during the absence of volcanic activity and that the threats are highest in the densely populated Puyallup and Nisqually River valleys on the west side of the volcano. However, the precise character of these threats can be
Authors
David L. George, Richard M. Iverson, Charles M. Cannon
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2021 annual report
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, carries out research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2021, focusing on the
Authors
The Volcano Hazards Program — Strategic science plan for 2022–2026
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) Strategic Science Plan, developed through discussion with scientists-in-charge of the USGS volcano observatories and the director of the USGS Volcano Science Center, specifies six major strategic goals to be pursued over the next 5 years. The purpose of these goals is to help fulfill the USGS VHP mission to enhance public safety and t
Authors
Charlie Mandeville, Peter F. Cervelli, Victoria F. Avery, Aleeza Wilkins
Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California
This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age. By combinin
Authors
James F. Parham, John A. Barron, Jorge Velez-Juarbe
Olivine and glass chemistry record cycles of plumbing system recovery after summit collapse events at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
The eruptive activity of Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) in the past 2500 years has alternated between centuries-long periods dominated either by explosive or effusive eruptions. The onset of explosive periods appears to be marked by caldera collapse events at the volcano's summit accompanied by draining of Kīlauea's magmatic plumbing system. Here we leverage >1800 olivine forsterite (Fo) contents, >900
Authors
Kendra J. Lynn, Donald A. Swanson
A golden era for volcanic gas geochemistry?
The exsolution, rise, expansion, and separation of volatiles from magma provides the driving force behind both effusive and explosive volcanic eruptions. The field of volcanic gas geochemistry therefore plays a key role in understanding volcanism. In this article, we summarize the most important findings of the past few decades and how these shape today’s understanding of volcanic degassing. We ar
Authors
Christoph Kern, Alessandro Aiuppa, J. Maarten de Moor
The ~400 yr B.P. eruption of Half Cone, a post-caldera composite cone within Aniakchak caldera, Alaska Peninsula
Aniakchak volcano is a historically active caldera located on the central Alaska Peninsula.
The largest eruption from Aniakchak since the ~3,400 yr B.P. caldera-forming eruption
occurred ~400 yr B.P. from Half Cone volcano, an intracaldera composite cone on the
northwest floor of the Aniakchak caldera that was largely destroyed by the eruption. The
~400 yr B.P. eruption produced a widely dispersed
Authors
Brandon Browne, Christina A. Neal, Charles R. Bacon
Evidence for near-source nonlinear propagation of volcano infrasound from Strombolian explosions at Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu
Volcanic eruption source parameters may be estimated from acoustic pressure recordings dominant at infrasonic frequencies (< 20 Hz), yet uncertainties may be high due in part to poorly understood propagation dynamics. Linear acoustic propagation of volcano infrasound is commonly assumed, but nonlinear processes such as wave steepening may distort waveforms and obscure the sourcing process in recor
Authors
Sean P Maher, Robin S Matoza, Arthur Din Jolly, Catherine de Groot-Hedlin, Kent L. Gee, David Fee, Alexandra M. Iezzi
Volcanic unrest at Nevados de Chillán (Southern Andean Volcanic Zone) from January 2019 to November 2020, imaged by DInSAR
The volcanic complex of Nevados de Chillán, located in the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the Andes, has been active for the past 640 ± 20 ka. Its volcanic activity includes dome forming eruptions, explosive events, and lava flows. The most recent eruption cycle started in January 2016. We employ DInSAR time-series from Sentinel-1 data to investigate the unrest episode from January 2019 to Novemb
Authors
Ana Astort, Gregorio Boixart, Andrés Folguera, Maurizio Battaglia
Mechanisms for retention of low molecular weight organic carbon varies with soil depth at a coastal prairie ecosystem
Though primary sources of carbon (C) to soil are plant inputs (e.g., rhizodeposits), the role of microorganisms as mediators of soil organic carbon (SOC) retention is increasingly recognized. Yet, insufficient knowledge of sub-soil processes complicates attempts to describe microbial-driven C cycling at depth as most studies of microbial-mineral-C interactions focus on surface horizons. We leverag
Authors
Jack McFarland, Corey Lawrence, Courtney Creamer, Marjorie S. Schulz, Christopher H. Conaway, Sara Peek, Mark Waldrop, Sabrina N. Sevilgen, Monica Haw
Seasonal and multi-year changes in CO2 degassing at Mammoth Mountain explained by solid-earth-driven fault valving
Changes in CO2 emissions from volcanoes may evidence volcanic unrest. We use a multiyear time series of CO2 flux collected at the Horseshoe Lake Tree Kill area on Mammoth Mountain, CA, to understand processes that cause variations in flux from this system. Seasonal variations are systematically lowest during the winter months and reach maximum values during the summer season. A persistent ∼20% red
Authors
George E. Hilley, Jennifer L. Lewicki, Curtis W Baden