Publications
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Formation of dense pyroclasts by sintering of ash particles during the preclimactic eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991
Dense, vitric, dacitic pyroclasts (dacite lithics) from the 1991 preclimactic explosions of Mt. Pinatubo were analyzed for their vesicular and crystal textures and dissolved H2O and CO2 contents. Micron-scale heterogeneities in groundmass glass volatile contents (0.9 wt% differences in H2O within 500 μm) are observed and argue that parts of the dacite lithics equilibrated at different depths befor
Authors
Yining Wang, James E. Gardner, Richard P. Hoblitt
Radiometric constraints on the timing, tempo, and effects of large igneous province emplacement
There is an apparent temporal correlation between large igneous province (LIP) emplacement and global environmental crises, including mass extinctions. Advances in the precision and accuracy of geochronology in the past decade have significantly improved estimates of the timing and duration of LIP emplacement, mass extinction events, and global climate perturbations, and in general have supported
Authors
Jennifer Kasbohm, Blair Schoene, Seth D. Burgess
Groundwater dynamics at Kīlauea Volcano and vicinity, Hawaiʻi
Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, is surrounded and permeated by active groundwater systems that interact dynamically with the volcanic system. A generalized conceptual model of Hawaiian hydrogeology includes high-level dike-impounded groundwater, very permeable perched and basal aquifers, and a transition (mixing) zone between freshwater and saltwater. Most high-level groundwater is asso
Authors
Shaul Hurwitz, Sara E. Peek, Martha A. Scholl, Deborah Bergfeld, William C. Evans, James P. Kauahikaua, Stephen B. Gingerich, Paul A. Hsieh, R. Lopaka Lee, Edward F. Younger, Steven E. Ingebritsen
The 2008–2018 summit lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
The 2008–2018 lava lake at the summit of Kīlauea marked the longest sustained period of lava lake activity at the summit in decades and provided a new opportunity for observing and understanding lava lake behavior. The individual chapters of this Professional Paper volume cover the basic chronology of the eruption, rich historical background, observations and measurements of lake activity, hydrolo
Views of a century of activity at Kīlauea Caldera—A visual essay
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano marked the end of the first sustained period of volcanic activity at Halemaʻumaʻu Crater in 94 years. The views of the lava lake (informally named “Overlook,” nestled within Halemaʻumaʻu) lasted for a decade and seemed timeless. But as we were recently reminded, the summit of Kīlauea is part of a dynamic system that has provided countless new views to observers
Authors
Ben Gaddis, James P. Kauahikaua
Kīlauea’s 2008–2018 summit lava lake—Chronology and eruption insights
The first eruption at Kīlauea’s summit in 25 years began on March 19, 2008, and persisted for 10 years. The onset of the eruption marked the first explosive activity at the summit since 1924, forming the new “Overlook crater” (as the 2008 summit eruption crater has been informally named) within the existing crater of Halemaʻumaʻu. The first year consisted of sporadic lava activity deep within the
Authors
Matthew R. Patrick, Tim R. Orr, Don Swanson, Bruce F. Houghton, Kelly M. Wooten, Liliana G. Desmither, Carolyn Parcheta, David Fee
Turbulence, entrainment and low-order description of a transitional variable-density jet
Geophysical flows occur over a large range of scales, with Reynolds numbers and Richardson numbers varying over several orders of magnitude. For this study, jets of different densities were ejected vertically into a large ambient region, considering conditions relevant to some geophysical phenomena. Using particle image velocimetry, the velocity fields were measured for three different gases exhau
Authors
Bianca Viggiano, Tamara Dib, Nasim Ali, Larry G. Mastin, Raul Bayoan Cal, Stephen A. Solovitz
A Year-long Hydroacoustic Survey of the Mariana Islands Region
The Mariana Islands region hosts interesting geological features as well as abundant biodiversity. The subduction zone and back-arc spreading center have led to active volcanism that can have impacts on local islanders, aircraft flying in the region, and military activities. We deployed a small aperture hydrophone array from June 2017 to June 2018 in the Marianas back-arc to better characterize su
Authors
Gabrielle Tepp, Robert P. Dziak, Matthew M. Haney, Lauren Roche, Haru Matsumoto
Vapor-bubble growth in olivine-hosted melt inclusions
Melt inclusions record the depth of magmatic processes, magma degassing paths, and volatile budgets of magmas. Extracting this information is a major challenge. It requires determining melt volatile contents at the time of entrapment when working with melt inclusions that have suffered post-entrapment modifications. Several processes decrease internal melt inclusion pressure, resulting in nucleati
Authors
Daniel J. Rasmussen, Terry Plank, Paul J. Wallace, Megan Newcombe, Jacob B. Lowenstern
Correcting the historical record for Kīlauea Volcano's 1832, 1868, and 1877 summit eruptions
Three fissure eruptions are known to have occurred along the northeastern edge of Kīlauea's summit caldera in the 19th century—in the years 1832, 1868, and 1877. Modern portrayal of these eruptions on maps and in written sources indicates that the 1832 eruption was from a fissure on the side of the Poliokeawe scarp south of Byron Ledge, the 1868 eruption was from a fissure on the southern wall of
Authors
Tim R. Orr, Richard W. Hazlett, Liliana G. DeSmither, James P. Kauahikaua, Ben Gaddis
A probabilistic assessment of tephra-fall hazards at Hanford, Washington, from a future eruption of Mount St. Helens
Hanford, Washington (USA) is the construction site of a multi-billion-dollar high-level nuclear waste treatment facility. This site lies 200 kilometers (km) east of Mount St. Helens (MSH), the most active volcano in the contiguous United States. Tephra from a future MSH eruption could pose a hazard to the air intake and filtration systems at this plant. In this report, we present a probabilistic e
Authors
Larry G. Mastin, Alexa R. Van Eaton, Hans F. Schwaiger
Volcanic hazard assessment for an eruption hiatus, or post-eruption unrest context: Modeling continued dome collapse hazards for Soufrière Hills Volcano
Effective volcanic hazard management in regions where populations live in close proximity to persistent volcanic activity involves understanding the dynamic nature of hazards, and associated risk. Emphasis until now has been placed on identification and forecasting of the escalation phase of activity, in order to provide adequate warning of what might be to come. However, understanding eruption hi
Authors
E.T. Spiller, R.L. Wolpert, Sarah E. Ogburn, E.S. Calder, J.O. Berger, A.K. Patra, E.B. Pitman