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FY25 Capabilities and Services

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By Kansas Water Science Center October 1, 2024

Organic Geochemistry Research Lab

(OGRL)

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Kansas Water Science Center Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory (OGRL) was established in 1987. The OGRL is a multidisciplinary program that contributes knowledge about the distribution, fate, transport, and effects of new and understudied organic compounds that may affect human health and (or) ecosystems. 

The OGRL consists of two units: Algal and Other Environmental Toxins (AET) Unit and Environmental Organic Chemistry (EOC) Unit. The OGRL does independent and collaborative research, develops robust analytical methods, and provides fee-for-service analytical laboratory analyses.

Algal and Other Environmental Toxins Unit

The Algal and Environmental Toxins Unit has the capability to detect toxins that could be harmful to human health and the environment. 

OGRL Scientists standing near a dam spillway preparing to use a field Turbidimeter in the bed of a truck.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details

 

  •  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques in low and high salinity waters for the following toxins: anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin, and saxitoxin. 

     

  • Liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry for the following: 

     

    •  Total and dissolved freshwater toxins (includes 13 analytes)

       

    •  Total and dissolved marine toxins (includes 9 analytes)

       

    • Total and dissolved freshwater and marine toxins (includes 21 analytes)

       

    •  Nontarget screening

 

Environmental Organic Chemistry Unit

Using state-of-the-art instrumentation and techniques, the Environmental Organic Chemistry Unit analyzes samples from various matrices to determine the occurrence of organic contaminants in the environment. 

OGRL scientist standing in water using a net to collect fish during a visit to a fish hatchery in Kansas.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details

  •  Sample preparation, including filtering, accelerated solvent extractions, bioassay extractions, and solid-phase extractions. 

     

  •  Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods in water and solids (soil, sediment, and biosolids) for the following: 

     

    •  Artificial sweeteners (includes 5 analytes) 

       

    •  Atrazine

       

    •  Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate

       

    •  Four class antibiotic method (includes 33 analytes)

       

    • Pharmaceutical method (includes 84 compounds)

       

    • Hormones: androgens, conjugates, and estrogens (includes 32 analytes)

       

    •  Hormones: progestins (includes 11 analytes) 

       

    •  Hormones: phytoestrogens (includes 6 analytes)  

       

    •  Mycotoxins (includes 8 analytes)

       

    • Tire leachate: 6 PPD-quinone

 

FY25 OGRL Service List 

FY25 Sample Collection and Processing Directions 

 

 

Below are other science projects associated with this project.

link
Photo of algal toxins in a creek

OGRL Algal Toxins Methods of Analysis

Algal toxins are a group of toxic compounds produced by a range of photosynthetic freshwater and marine plankton. These toxins have the ability to cause sickness in animals and humans and in severe cases lead to death. OGRL has the ability to evaluate and conduct occurrence, fate, transport, effects, and treatability studies methods.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

OGRL Algal Toxins Methods of Analysis

Algal toxins are a group of toxic compounds produced by a range of photosynthetic freshwater and marine plankton. These toxins have the ability to cause sickness in animals and humans and in severe cases lead to death. OGRL has the ability to evaluate and conduct occurrence, fate, transport, effects, and treatability studies methods.
Learn More
link
Picture of field

Glyphosate, AMPA, and Glufosinate Method of Analysis: OGRL LCGY

Glyphosate and glufosinate are herbicides used for weed and vegetation control. AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is a degradation product of glyphosate. Since the introduction of glyphosate resistant (round-up ready) corn and soybeans glyphosate has become the most widely used herbicide in the world.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Glyphosate, AMPA, and Glufosinate Method of Analysis: OGRL LCGY

Glyphosate and glufosinate are herbicides used for weed and vegetation control. AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is a degradation product of glyphosate. Since the introduction of glyphosate resistant (round-up ready) corn and soybeans glyphosate has become the most widely used herbicide in the world.
Learn More
link
Photo of cows at feed lot

Antibiotic Methods of Analysis: OGRL LCAB

Antibiotics are used for human health and livestock management and health. The increase of antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in concern that sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics for weight gain in livestock and the release of low levels of antibiotics into surface and groundwater from urban and agricultural sources may be contributing to this problem.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Antibiotic Methods of Analysis: OGRL LCAB

Antibiotics are used for human health and livestock management and health. The increase of antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in concern that sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics for weight gain in livestock and the release of low levels of antibiotics into surface and groundwater from urban and agricultural sources may be contributing to this problem.
Learn More
link
Crops at a farm in Kansas

Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCEA

Triazines and phenylureas are commonly used herbicides for controlling weeds in row crops. These herbicides and their degradation products have been found in samples collected from surface water, groundwater, and precipitation throughout the United States. Atrazine until recently was the most widely applied herbicide in the U.S. and is still a widely applied preplanting corn herbicide.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCEA

Triazines and phenylureas are commonly used herbicides for controlling weeds in row crops. These herbicides and their degradation products have been found in samples collected from surface water, groundwater, and precipitation throughout the United States. Atrazine until recently was the most widely applied herbicide in the U.S. and is still a widely applied preplanting corn herbicide.
Learn More
link
rows of herbicide treated crops

Acetamide Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCPD

Acetamide herbicides are used to control weeds in row crops such as corn and soybeans. Acetamide herbicides and their degradates are common contaminants in surface and groundwater. Some of the widely detected acid degradates are on the USEPA contaminant candidate list (CCL).
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Acetamide Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCPD

Acetamide herbicides are used to control weeds in row crops such as corn and soybeans. Acetamide herbicides and their degradates are common contaminants in surface and groundwater. Some of the widely detected acid degradates are on the USEPA contaminant candidate list (CCL).
Learn More
link
Test tube holder holding many test tubes.

OGRL Enzyme Linked-Imunnosorbent Assay Methods of Analysis

Immunoassays are rapid screening techinques that can be used to provide data on a specific compound or class of compunds on a large number of samples. We have used these methods to conduct large scale reconnaissance studies of atrazine in rainfall and cyanobacterial toxins in the USEPA national lake and reservoir reconnaissance study.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

OGRL Enzyme Linked-Imunnosorbent Assay Methods of Analysis

Immunoassays are rapid screening techinques that can be used to provide data on a specific compound or class of compunds on a large number of samples. We have used these methods to conduct large scale reconnaissance studies of atrazine in rainfall and cyanobacterial toxins in the USEPA national lake and reservoir reconnaissance study.
Learn More

Below are multimedia items associated with this project.

No results found.

Below are publications associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 107

Colorimetric microtiter plate receptor-binding assay for the detection of freshwater and marine neurotoxins targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, produced by cyanobacteria, are agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Pinnatoxins, spirolides, and gymnodimines, produced by dinoflagellates, are antagonists of nAChRs. In this study we describe the development and validation of a competitive colorimetric, high throughput functional assay based on the mechanism of action of freshwater and marine toxi
Authors
Fernando Rubio, Lisa Kamp, Justin Carpino, Erin Faltin, Keith A. Loftin, Jordi Molgó, Romulo Araoz
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center

Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation

A statistically significant association was found between the concentration of total microcystin, a common class of cyanotoxins, in surface waters of lakes and reservoirs in the continental U.S. with watershed land use using data from 1156 water bodies sampled between May and October 2007 as part of the USEPA National Lakes Assessment. Nearly two thirds (65.8%) of the samples with microcystin conc
Authors
John R. Beaver, Erin E. Manis, Keith A. Loftin, Jennifer L. Graham, Amina I. Pollard, Richard M. Mitchell
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center

Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007

Water and sediment samples were collected from June through October 2007 from seven plots at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, and analyzed for a suite of pesticides (including fungicides) and other physical and chemical parameters (including sediment mineralogy) by the U.S. Geological Survey. Plots were selected for inclusion in this study on t
Authors
Timothy J. Reilly, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael T. Meyer, Mark W. Sandstrom, Michelle Hladik, Adam R. Boehlke, Neil S. Fishman, William A. Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Jersey Water Science Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Experimental additions of aluminum sulfate and ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms to reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration

Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via aluminum
Authors
Ted D. Harris, Frank M. Wilhelm, Jennifer L. Graham, Keith A. Loftin
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

Experimental additions of aluminum sulfateand ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms toreduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystinconcentration

Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via alumi
Authors
Theodore D. Harris, Frank M. Wilhelm, Jennifer L. Graham, Keith A. Loftin
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

A review on cylindrospermopsin: the global occurrence, detection, toxicity and degradation of a potent cyanotoxin

Cylindrospermopsin is an important cyanobacterial toxin found in water bodies worldwide. The ever-increasing and global occurrence of massive and prolonged blooms of cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacteria poses a potential threat to both human and ecosystem health. Its toxicity is associated with metabolic activation and may involve mechanisms that adversely affect a wide variety of targets in
Authors
Armah A. de la Cruz, Anastasia Hiskia, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Neil Chernoff, Donna Hill, Maria G. Antoniou, Xuexiang He, Keith Loftin, Kevin O'Shea, Cen Zhao, Miguel Pelaez, Changseok Han, Trevor J. Lynch, Dionysios D. Dionysiou
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

Mycotoxins: diffuse and point source contributions of natural contaminants of emerging concern to streams

To determine the prevalence of mycotoxins in streams, 116 water samples from 32 streams and three wastewater treatment plant effluents were collected in 2010 providing the broadest investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of mycotoxins in streams conducted in the United States to date. Out of the 33 target mycotoxins measured, nine were detected at least once during this study. The det
Authors
Dana W. Kolpin, Judith Schenzel, Michael T. Meyer, Patrick J. Phillips, Laura E. Hubbard, Tia-Marie Scott, Thomas D. Bucheli
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center

Bioassay of estrogenicity and chemical analyses of estrogens in streams across the United States associated with livestock operations

Animal manures, used as a nitrogen source for crop production, are often associated with negative impacts on nutrient levels in surface water. The concentrations of estrogens in streams from these manures also are of concern due to potential endocrine disruption in aquatic species. Streams associated with livestock operations were sampled by discrete samples (n = 38) or by time-integrated polar or
Authors
David A. Alvarez, Nancy W. Shappell, L.O. Billey, Dietrich S. Bermudez, Vickie S. Wilson, Dana W. Kolpin, Stephanie D. Perkins, Nicola Evans, William T. Foreman, James L. Gray, J.M. Shipitalo, Michael T. Meyer
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Occurrence and partitioning of antibiotic compounds found in the water column and bottom sediments from a stream receiving two wastewater treatment plant effluents in northern New Jersey, 2008.

An urban watershed in northern New Jersey was studied to determine the presence of four classes of antibiotic compounds (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) and six degradates in the water column and bottom sediments upstream and downstream from the discharges of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a drinking-water intake (DWI). Many antibiotic compounds in the f
Authors
Jacob Gibs, Heather A. Heckathorn, Michael T. Meyer, Frank R. Klapinski, Marzooq Alebus, Robert Lippincott
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Jersey Water Science Center

Chemical contaminants in water and sediment near fish nesting sites in the Potomac River basin: determining potential exposures to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

The Potomac River basin is an area where a high prevalence of abnormalities such as testicular oocytes (TO), skin lesions, and mortality has been observed in smallmouth bass (SMB, Micropterus dolomieu). Previous research documented a variety of chemicals in regional streams, implicating chemical exposure as one plausible explanation for these biological effects. Six stream sites in the Potomac bas
Authors
Dana W. Kolpin, Vicki Blazer, James L. Gray, Michael J. Focazio, John A. Young, David A. Alvarez, Luke R. Iwanowicz, William T. Foreman, Edward T. Furlong, Gary K. Speiran, Steven D. Zaugg, Laura E. Hubbard, Michael T. Meyer, Mark W. Sandstrom, Larry B. Barber
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Initial results from a reconnaissance of cyanobacteria and associated toxins in Illinois, August--October 2012

Ten lakes and two rivers in Illinois were sampled in August–October 2012 to determine the concentrations and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins throughout the State. The reconnaissance was a collaborative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Sample results indicated that concentrations of both total cyanobacterial cell
Authors
Paul J. Terrio, Lenna M. Ostrodka, Keith A. Loftin, Gregg Good, Teri Holland
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center

Relations between DNA- and RNA-based molecular methods for cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration at Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, 2012

Water samples were collected from Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, during the 2012 recreational season and analyzed for selected cyanobacteria gene sequences by DNA-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA-based quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results from the four DNA assays (for quantifying total cyanobacteria, total M

Authors
Erin A. Stelzer, Keith A. Loftin, Pamela Struffolino
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, Ohio Water Microbiology Laboratory

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Kansas Water Science Center Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory (OGRL) was established in 1987. The OGRL is a multidisciplinary program that contributes knowledge about the distribution, fate, transport, and effects of new and understudied organic compounds that may affect human health and (or) ecosystems. 

The OGRL consists of two units: Algal and Other Environmental Toxins (AET) Unit and Environmental Organic Chemistry (EOC) Unit. The OGRL does independent and collaborative research, develops robust analytical methods, and provides fee-for-service analytical laboratory analyses.

Algal and Other Environmental Toxins Unit

The Algal and Environmental Toxins Unit has the capability to detect toxins that could be harmful to human health and the environment. 

OGRL Scientists standing near a dam spillway preparing to use a field Turbidimeter in the bed of a truck.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details

 

  •  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques in low and high salinity waters for the following toxins: anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin, and saxitoxin. 

     

  • Liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry for the following: 

     

    •  Total and dissolved freshwater toxins (includes 13 analytes)

       

    •  Total and dissolved marine toxins (includes 9 analytes)

       

    • Total and dissolved freshwater and marine toxins (includes 21 analytes)

       

    •  Nontarget screening

 

Environmental Organic Chemistry Unit

Using state-of-the-art instrumentation and techniques, the Environmental Organic Chemistry Unit analyzes samples from various matrices to determine the occurrence of organic contaminants in the environment. 

OGRL scientist standing in water using a net to collect fish during a visit to a fish hatchery in Kansas.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media Details

  •  Sample preparation, including filtering, accelerated solvent extractions, bioassay extractions, and solid-phase extractions. 

     

  •  Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods in water and solids (soil, sediment, and biosolids) for the following: 

     

    •  Artificial sweeteners (includes 5 analytes) 

       

    •  Atrazine

       

    •  Glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate

       

    •  Four class antibiotic method (includes 33 analytes)

       

    • Pharmaceutical method (includes 84 compounds)

       

    • Hormones: androgens, conjugates, and estrogens (includes 32 analytes)

       

    •  Hormones: progestins (includes 11 analytes) 

       

    •  Hormones: phytoestrogens (includes 6 analytes)  

       

    •  Mycotoxins (includes 8 analytes)

       

    • Tire leachate: 6 PPD-quinone

 

FY25 OGRL Service List 

FY25 Sample Collection and Processing Directions 

 

 

Below are other science projects associated with this project.

link
Photo of algal toxins in a creek

OGRL Algal Toxins Methods of Analysis

Algal toxins are a group of toxic compounds produced by a range of photosynthetic freshwater and marine plankton. These toxins have the ability to cause sickness in animals and humans and in severe cases lead to death. OGRL has the ability to evaluate and conduct occurrence, fate, transport, effects, and treatability studies methods.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

OGRL Algal Toxins Methods of Analysis

Algal toxins are a group of toxic compounds produced by a range of photosynthetic freshwater and marine plankton. These toxins have the ability to cause sickness in animals and humans and in severe cases lead to death. OGRL has the ability to evaluate and conduct occurrence, fate, transport, effects, and treatability studies methods.
Learn More
link
Picture of field

Glyphosate, AMPA, and Glufosinate Method of Analysis: OGRL LCGY

Glyphosate and glufosinate are herbicides used for weed and vegetation control. AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is a degradation product of glyphosate. Since the introduction of glyphosate resistant (round-up ready) corn and soybeans glyphosate has become the most widely used herbicide in the world.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Glyphosate, AMPA, and Glufosinate Method of Analysis: OGRL LCGY

Glyphosate and glufosinate are herbicides used for weed and vegetation control. AMPA, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is a degradation product of glyphosate. Since the introduction of glyphosate resistant (round-up ready) corn and soybeans glyphosate has become the most widely used herbicide in the world.
Learn More
link
Photo of cows at feed lot

Antibiotic Methods of Analysis: OGRL LCAB

Antibiotics are used for human health and livestock management and health. The increase of antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in concern that sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics for weight gain in livestock and the release of low levels of antibiotics into surface and groundwater from urban and agricultural sources may be contributing to this problem.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Antibiotic Methods of Analysis: OGRL LCAB

Antibiotics are used for human health and livestock management and health. The increase of antibiotic resistant infections has resulted in concern that sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics for weight gain in livestock and the release of low levels of antibiotics into surface and groundwater from urban and agricultural sources may be contributing to this problem.
Learn More
link
Crops at a farm in Kansas

Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCEA

Triazines and phenylureas are commonly used herbicides for controlling weeds in row crops. These herbicides and their degradation products have been found in samples collected from surface water, groundwater, and precipitation throughout the United States. Atrazine until recently was the most widely applied herbicide in the U.S. and is still a widely applied preplanting corn herbicide.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCEA

Triazines and phenylureas are commonly used herbicides for controlling weeds in row crops. These herbicides and their degradation products have been found in samples collected from surface water, groundwater, and precipitation throughout the United States. Atrazine until recently was the most widely applied herbicide in the U.S. and is still a widely applied preplanting corn herbicide.
Learn More
link
rows of herbicide treated crops

Acetamide Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCPD

Acetamide herbicides are used to control weeds in row crops such as corn and soybeans. Acetamide herbicides and their degradates are common contaminants in surface and groundwater. Some of the widely detected acid degradates are on the USEPA contaminant candidate list (CCL).
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

Acetamide Parents and Degradation Products of Analysis: OGRL LCPD

Acetamide herbicides are used to control weeds in row crops such as corn and soybeans. Acetamide herbicides and their degradates are common contaminants in surface and groundwater. Some of the widely detected acid degradates are on the USEPA contaminant candidate list (CCL).
Learn More
link
Test tube holder holding many test tubes.

OGRL Enzyme Linked-Imunnosorbent Assay Methods of Analysis

Immunoassays are rapid screening techinques that can be used to provide data on a specific compound or class of compunds on a large number of samples. We have used these methods to conduct large scale reconnaissance studies of atrazine in rainfall and cyanobacterial toxins in the USEPA national lake and reservoir reconnaissance study.
By
Kansas Water Science Center
link

OGRL Enzyme Linked-Imunnosorbent Assay Methods of Analysis

Immunoassays are rapid screening techinques that can be used to provide data on a specific compound or class of compunds on a large number of samples. We have used these methods to conduct large scale reconnaissance studies of atrazine in rainfall and cyanobacterial toxins in the USEPA national lake and reservoir reconnaissance study.
Learn More

Below are multimedia items associated with this project.

No results found.

Below are publications associated with this project.

Filter Total Items: 107

Colorimetric microtiter plate receptor-binding assay for the detection of freshwater and marine neurotoxins targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, produced by cyanobacteria, are agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Pinnatoxins, spirolides, and gymnodimines, produced by dinoflagellates, are antagonists of nAChRs. In this study we describe the development and validation of a competitive colorimetric, high throughput functional assay based on the mechanism of action of freshwater and marine toxi
Authors
Fernando Rubio, Lisa Kamp, Justin Carpino, Erin Faltin, Keith A. Loftin, Jordi Molgó, Romulo Araoz
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center

Land use patterns, ecoregion, and microcystin relationships in U.S. lakes and reservoirs: a preliminary evaluation

A statistically significant association was found between the concentration of total microcystin, a common class of cyanotoxins, in surface waters of lakes and reservoirs in the continental U.S. with watershed land use using data from 1156 water bodies sampled between May and October 2007 as part of the USEPA National Lakes Assessment. Nearly two thirds (65.8%) of the samples with microcystin conc
Authors
John R. Beaver, Erin E. Manis, Keith A. Loftin, Jennifer L. Graham, Amina I. Pollard, Richard M. Mitchell
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center

Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007

Water and sediment samples were collected from June through October 2007 from seven plots at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, and analyzed for a suite of pesticides (including fungicides) and other physical and chemical parameters (including sediment mineralogy) by the U.S. Geological Survey. Plots were selected for inclusion in this study on t
Authors
Timothy J. Reilly, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael T. Meyer, Mark W. Sandstrom, Michelle Hladik, Adam R. Boehlke, Neil S. Fishman, William A. Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Jersey Water Science Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Experimental additions of aluminum sulfate and ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms to reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration

Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via aluminum
Authors
Ted D. Harris, Frank M. Wilhelm, Jennifer L. Graham, Keith A. Loftin
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

Experimental additions of aluminum sulfateand ammonium nitrate to in situ mesocosms toreduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystinconcentration

Recent studies suggest that nitrogen additions to increase the total nitrogen:total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio may reduce cyanobacterial biovolume and microcystin concentration in reservoirs. In systems where TP is >100 μg/L, however, nitrogen additions to increase the TN:TP ratio could cause ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Reducing phosphorus via alumi
Authors
Theodore D. Harris, Frank M. Wilhelm, Jennifer L. Graham, Keith A. Loftin
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

A review on cylindrospermopsin: the global occurrence, detection, toxicity and degradation of a potent cyanotoxin

Cylindrospermopsin is an important cyanobacterial toxin found in water bodies worldwide. The ever-increasing and global occurrence of massive and prolonged blooms of cylindrospermopsin-producing cyanobacteria poses a potential threat to both human and ecosystem health. Its toxicity is associated with metabolic activation and may involve mechanisms that adversely affect a wide variety of targets in
Authors
Armah A. de la Cruz, Anastasia Hiskia, Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Neil Chernoff, Donna Hill, Maria G. Antoniou, Xuexiang He, Keith Loftin, Kevin O'Shea, Cen Zhao, Miguel Pelaez, Changseok Han, Trevor J. Lynch, Dionysios D. Dionysiou
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center

Mycotoxins: diffuse and point source contributions of natural contaminants of emerging concern to streams

To determine the prevalence of mycotoxins in streams, 116 water samples from 32 streams and three wastewater treatment plant effluents were collected in 2010 providing the broadest investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of mycotoxins in streams conducted in the United States to date. Out of the 33 target mycotoxins measured, nine were detected at least once during this study. The det
Authors
Dana W. Kolpin, Judith Schenzel, Michael T. Meyer, Patrick J. Phillips, Laura E. Hubbard, Tia-Marie Scott, Thomas D. Bucheli
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Kansas Water Science Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center

Bioassay of estrogenicity and chemical analyses of estrogens in streams across the United States associated with livestock operations

Animal manures, used as a nitrogen source for crop production, are often associated with negative impacts on nutrient levels in surface water. The concentrations of estrogens in streams from these manures also are of concern due to potential endocrine disruption in aquatic species. Streams associated with livestock operations were sampled by discrete samples (n = 38) or by time-integrated polar or
Authors
David A. Alvarez, Nancy W. Shappell, L.O. Billey, Dietrich S. Bermudez, Vickie S. Wilson, Dana W. Kolpin, Stephanie D. Perkins, Nicola Evans, William T. Foreman, James L. Gray, J.M. Shipitalo, Michael T. Meyer
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Occurrence and partitioning of antibiotic compounds found in the water column and bottom sediments from a stream receiving two wastewater treatment plant effluents in northern New Jersey, 2008.

An urban watershed in northern New Jersey was studied to determine the presence of four classes of antibiotic compounds (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) and six degradates in the water column and bottom sediments upstream and downstream from the discharges of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and a drinking-water intake (DWI). Many antibiotic compounds in the f
Authors
Jacob Gibs, Heather A. Heckathorn, Michael T. Meyer, Frank R. Klapinski, Marzooq Alebus, Robert Lippincott
By
Water Resources Mission Area, New Jersey Water Science Center

Chemical contaminants in water and sediment near fish nesting sites in the Potomac River basin: determining potential exposures to smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

The Potomac River basin is an area where a high prevalence of abnormalities such as testicular oocytes (TO), skin lesions, and mortality has been observed in smallmouth bass (SMB, Micropterus dolomieu). Previous research documented a variety of chemicals in regional streams, implicating chemical exposure as one plausible explanation for these biological effects. Six stream sites in the Potomac bas
Authors
Dana W. Kolpin, Vicki Blazer, James L. Gray, Michael J. Focazio, John A. Young, David A. Alvarez, Luke R. Iwanowicz, William T. Foreman, Edward T. Furlong, Gary K. Speiran, Steven D. Zaugg, Laura E. Hubbard, Michael T. Meyer, Mark W. Sandstrom, Larry B. Barber
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Kansas Water Science Center, National Water Quality Laboratory

Initial results from a reconnaissance of cyanobacteria and associated toxins in Illinois, August--October 2012

Ten lakes and two rivers in Illinois were sampled in August–October 2012 to determine the concentrations and spatial distribution of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins throughout the State. The reconnaissance was a collaborative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Sample results indicated that concentrations of both total cyanobacterial cell
Authors
Paul J. Terrio, Lenna M. Ostrodka, Keith A. Loftin, Gregg Good, Teri Holland
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center, Central Midwest Water Science Center

Relations between DNA- and RNA-based molecular methods for cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration at Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, 2012

Water samples were collected from Maumee Bay State Park Lakeside Beach, Oregon, Ohio, during the 2012 recreational season and analyzed for selected cyanobacteria gene sequences by DNA-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA-based quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results from the four DNA assays (for quantifying total cyanobacteria, total M

Authors
Erin A. Stelzer, Keith A. Loftin, Pamela Struffolino
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Kansas Water Science Center, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, Ohio Water Microbiology Laboratory
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