Publications
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Hydrothermal systems and volcano geochemistry
The upward intrusion of magma from deeper to shallower levels beneath volcanoes obviously plays an important role in their surface deformation. This chapter will examine less obvious roles that hydrothermal processes might play in volcanic deformation. Emphasis will be placed on the effect that the transition from brittle to plastic behavior of rocks is likely to have on magma degassing and hydrot
Authors
R.O. Fournier
Magmatic gas efflux at the Ukinrek Maars, Alaska
No abstract available.
Authors
Deborah Bergfeld, W. C. Evans, A.G. Hunt, R. G. McGimsey
Late pleistocene and holocene caldera-forming eruptions of Okmok Caldera, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
This chapter contains sections titled:IntroductionGeologic settingField and Analytical MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusions
Authors
Jessica F. Larsen, Christina A. Neal, Janet Schaefer, Jim Beget, Chris Nye
Strombolian explosive styles and source conditions
Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) cameras offer a unique view of explosive volcanism by providing an image of calibrated temperatures. In this study, 344 eruptive events at Stromboli volcano, Italy, were imaged in 2001–2004 with a FLIR camera operating at up to 30 Hz. The FLIR was effective at revealing both ash plumes and coarse ballistic scoria, and a wide range of eruption styles was r
Authors
Matthew R. Patrick, Andrew J. L. Harris, Maurizio Ripepe, Jonathan Dehn, David A. Rothery, Sonia Calvari
Volcano-electromagnetic effects
Volcano-electromagnetic effects—electromagnetic (EM) signals generated by volcanic activity—derive from a variety of physical processes. These include piezomagnetic effects, electrokinetic effects, fluid vaporization, thermal demagnetization/remagnetization, resistivity changes, thermochemical effects, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and blast-excited traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). Identi
Authors
Malcolm J. S. Johnston
Volcano deformation--Geodetic monitoring techniques
This book describes the techniques used by volcanologists to successfully predict several recent volcanic eruptions by combining information from various scientific disciplines, including geodetic techniques. Many recent developments in the use of state-of-the-art and emerging techniques, including Global Positioning System and Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, mean that most books on volca
Authors
Daniel Dzurisin, Zhong Lu
Ground-coupled acoustic airwaves from Mount St. Helens provide constraints on the May 18, 1980 eruption
The May 18, 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption perturbed the atmosphere and generated atmosphere-to-ground coupled airwaves, which were recorded on at least 35 seismometers operated by the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN). From 102 distinct travel time picks we identify coherent airwaves crossing Washington State primarily to the north and east of the volcano. The travel time curves provid
Authors
J.B. Johnson, S. D. Malone
Volcanic eruptions, hazards, and mitigation
No abstract available.
Authors
J. Feldman, R. I. Tilling
National volcanic ash operations plan for aviation
The National Aviation Weather Program Strategic Plan (1997) and the National Aviation Weather Initiatives (1999) both identified volcanic ash as a high-priority informational need to aviation services. The risk to aviation from airborne volcanic ash is known and includes degraded engine performance (including flameout), loss of visibility, failure of critical navigational and operational instrumen
Authors
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The health hazards of volcanic ash--A guide for the public
This document has been prepared by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN), Cities and Volcanoes Commission, GNS Science and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to promote the safety of those who experience volcanic ashfall. This guide explains the potential health effects of volcanic ash and gives details on how to protect yourself and your family in the event of a volcani
Authors
C. Horwell, P. Baxter
Guidelines on preparedness before, during, and after an ashfall
This document has been prepared by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN), Cities and Volcanoes Commission, GNS Science and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to promote the safety of those who experience volcanic ashfall. It details procedures to follow if warning of a volcanic ashfall is given, recommends what to do during ashfall, and what methods are most effective fo
Authors
C. Horwell