Publications
Filter Total Items: 2674
Cyclic lava effusion during the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano
Lava flows present a recurring threat to communities on active volcanoes, and volumetric eruption rate is one of the primary factors controlling flow behavior and hazard. The timescales and driving forces of eruption rate variability, however, remain poorly understood. In 2018, a highly destructive eruption occurred on the lower flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, where the primary vent exhibited d
Authors
Matthew R. Patrick, Hannah R. Dietterich, John J. Lyons, Angela K. Diefenbach, Carolyn Parcheta, Kyle R. Anderson, Atsuko Namiki, Ikuro Sumita, Brian Shiro, James P. Kauahikaua
Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano in 2018
Caldera-forming eruptions are among Earths most hazardous natural phenomena, yet the architecture of subcaldera magma reservoirs and the conditions that trigger collapse are poorly understood. Observations from the formation of a 0.8cubic kilometer basaltic caldera at Klauea Volcano in 2018 included the draining of an active lava lake, which provided a window into pressure decrease in the reservo
Authors
Kyle R. Anderson, Ingrid Johanson, Matthew R. Patrick, Mengyang Gu, Paul Segall, Michael P. Poland, Emily Montgomery-Brown, Asta Miklius
Tradition and science chronicle Pele's unyielding power
No abstract available.
Authors
James P. Kauahikaua
Petrology of the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof Island
The 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof primarily produced crystal-rich amphibole basalts. The dominant juvenile tephra were highly microlitic with diktytaxitic vesicles, and amphiboles had large reaction rims. Both observations support a magma history of slow ascent and/or shallow stalling prior to eruption. Plagioclase-amphibole-clinopyroxene mineralogy are also suggestive of shallow magma crystalliz
Authors
Matthew W. Loewen, Pavel Izbekof, Justin Moshrefzadeh, Michelle L. Coombs, Jessica Larsen, Nathan Graham, Michelle Harbin, Christopher F. Waythomas, Kristi L. Wallace
Investigating the accuracy of one‐dimensional volcanic plume models using laboratory experiments and field data
During volcanic eruptions, model predictions of plume height are limited by the accuracy of entrainment coefficients used in many plume models. Typically, two parameters are used, α and β, which relate the entrained air speed to the jet speed in the axial and cross‐flow directions, respectively. To improve estimates of these parameters, wind tunnel experiments have been conducted for a range of cr
Authors
James S. McNeal, Larry G. Mastin, Raul B. Cal, Stephen A. Solovitz
Field trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington—Recent and ancient volcaniclastic processes and deposits
This field guide explores volcanic effusions, sediments, and landforms at Mount St. Helens in Washington. A detailed synopsis outlines the eruptive history of Mount St. Helens from about 300,000 years ago through 1980 and beyond.The five days in the field include about 28 stops and 12 potential stops. Exposures in valleys surrounding Mount St. Helens reveal records of diverse Pleistocene and Holoc
Authors
Richard B. Waitt, Jon J. Major, Richard P. Hoblitt, Alexa R. Van Eaton, Michael A. Clynne
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory 2017 annual report
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) monitors volcanic and hydrothermal activity associated with the Yellowstone magmatic system, conducts research into magmatic processes occurring beneath Yellowstone Caldera, and issues timely warnings and guidance related to potential future geologic hazards. This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2017, focusing on the Ye
Authors
The lava flow that came to Hilo—The 1880–81 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawai‘i
The Mauna Loa eruption sequence of 1880–81 consists of two eruptions. The May 1880 eruption in Mokuʻāweoweo at the summit of Mauna Loa lasted just a few days and was followed 6 months later by three lava flows that issued from vents along the Northeast Rift Zone. The November 1880 eruption lasted almost a year and one of its flows nearly reached Hilo Bay.Public reaction in Hilo to the advancing la
Authors
James P. Kauahikaua, Ben Gaddis, Ku`ulei Kanahele, Ken Hon, Valerie Wasser
Overview, chronology, and impacts of the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska
The 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, a back-arc shallow submarine volcano in Alaska’s Aleutian arc, began in December 2016 and included 70 explosive events and at least two episodes of subaerial dome building. Because the volcano had no local monitoring stations during the eruption, a combination of distant seismic stations, regional infrasound sensors, lightning detection, a variety of sat
Authors
Michelle L. Coombs, Kristi L. Wallace, Cheryl Cameron, John J. Lyons, Aaron Wech, Kim M. Angeli, Peter Cervelli
The susceptibility of Oklahoma’s basement to seismic reactivation
Recent widespread seismicity in Oklahoma is attributed to the reactivation of pre-existing, critically stressed and seismically unstable faults due to decades of wastewater injection. However, the structure and properties of the reactivated faults remain concealed by the sedimentary cover. Here, we explore the major ingredients needed to induce earthquakes in Oklahoma by characterizing basement fa
Authors
Folarin Kolawole, C.S. Johnston, C.B. Morgan, Jefferson Chang, K Marfurt, David A. Lockner, Ze'ev Reches, B M Carpenter
Partly cloudy with a chance of lava flows: Forecasting volcanic eruptions in the 21st century
A primary goal of volcanology is forecasting hazardous eruptive activity. Despite much progress over the last century, however, volcanoes still erupt with no detected precursors, lives and livelihoods are lost to eruptive activity, and forecasting the onsets of eruptions remains fraught with uncertainty. Long‐term forecasts are generally derived from the geological and historical records, from whi
Authors
Michael P. Poland, Kyle R. Anderson
Eruption age and duration of the ~9 km3 Burney Mountain dacite dome complex, northern California
At ~9 km3, the six dacite domes of Burney Mountain (db1–db6) constitute the most voluminous Quaternary dome complex in the Cascades volcanic arc. Whole-rock geochemistry, electron microprobe, and petrographic data indicate that the domes are magmatically related, which, when integrated with geomorphology and stratigraphy, indicate early (db1, db2, db3) and late (db4, db5, db6) erupted groups. We
Authors
Drew T. Downs, Michael A. Clynne, Duane E. Champion, L. J. Patrick Muffler