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Image shows a sample of cannel coal on a rock background
Cannel Coal
Cannel Coal
Cannel Coal

Cannel coal is a type of bituminous coal that is also sometimes referred to as a type of oil shale. It's name likely came from the word "candle." Cannel coal was once used as a source for kerosene.

Cannel coal is a type of bituminous coal that is also sometimes referred to as a type of oil shale. It's name likely came from the word "candle." Cannel coal was once used as a source for kerosene.

Image shows a sample of clinker on a rock background
Clinker Coal
Clinker Coal
Clinker Coal

Clinker coal is the result of a seam of coal catching fire and burning so hot that it baked surrounding rock layers into brick-like formations.

Clinker coal is the result of a seam of coal catching fire and burning so hot that it baked surrounding rock layers into brick-like formations.

Image shows a sample of lignite on a rock background
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

Image shows a sample of lignite on a rock background
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

Image shows a sample of lignite on a rock background
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal
Lignite Coal

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

A sample of lignite, the lowest rank of coal. It is primarily mined for burning in steam-generation power plants.

Image shows a sample of peat against a rock background
Peat
Peat
Peat

Peat is the precursor to coal. It's made up of decayed plant materials or other organic matter that, over time, can undergo heat and pressure to become lignite.

Peat is the precursor to coal. It's made up of decayed plant materials or other organic matter that, over time, can undergo heat and pressure to become lignite.

Image shows a sample of peacock coal against a rock background
Peacock Coal
Peacock Coal
Peacock Coal

This sample is of peacock coal. Peacock coal is not a specific class of coal, but rather the name for an effect in which oxidizing materials in the coal create a dazzling array of colors on the surface of the coal. Usually it is short-lived, as the material fully oxidizes away shortly after exposed to air.

This sample is of peacock coal. Peacock coal is not a specific class of coal, but rather the name for an effect in which oxidizing materials in the coal create a dazzling array of colors on the surface of the coal. Usually it is short-lived, as the material fully oxidizes away shortly after exposed to air.

Sandstone block shown here contains a large fossil palm leaf.
Sandstone Block with Large Fossil Palm Leaf
Sandstone Block with Large Fossil Palm Leaf
Sandstone Block with Large Fossil Palm Leaf

Most fossils occur in sedimentary rocks including shale, limestone and sandstone. The sandstone block shown here contains a large fossil palm leaf, found at the Coryell Coal mines in Colorado.

Most fossils occur in sedimentary rocks including shale, limestone and sandstone. The sandstone block shown here contains a large fossil palm leaf, found at the Coryell Coal mines in Colorado.

An aerial shot of Surprise Creek winding its way past exposed rock formations and grass-covered rolling hills
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska

Faulted and folded Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope. The Triassic and Jurassic rocks include petroleum source rocks from which oil was generated. Geologists in orange vests for scale.

Faulted and folded Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope. The Triassic and Jurassic rocks include petroleum source rocks from which oil was generated. Geologists in orange vests for scale.

Image shows exposed rock formations with grass coverings
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska

Geologist describes petroleum source rocks in Triassic and Jurassic rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope.

Geologist describes petroleum source rocks in Triassic and Jurassic rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope.

Image shows a pyramidal rock formation with grass around it and three USGS scientists standing near the base
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska
Surprise Creek, Western North Slope of Alaska

Geologists measuring petroleum source rocks in Triassic rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope.

Geologists measuring petroleum source rocks in Triassic rocks along Surprise Creek in southern part of Western North Slope.

Image shows a woman sitting on a rock in a stream
Panning for Rare Earths
Panning for Rare Earths
Panning for Rare Earths

A field assistant pans for monazite and rare earth minerals in Wolf Creek, which cuts through the Melozitna granite. This area is part of the Bureau of Land Management's Central Yukon Planning Area, where USGS did a critical mineral assessment in 2015.

A field assistant pans for monazite and rare earth minerals in Wolf Creek, which cuts through the Melozitna granite. This area is part of the Bureau of Land Management's Central Yukon Planning Area, where USGS did a critical mineral assessment in 2015.

Image: Tallgrass Prairie
Tallgrass Prairie
Tallgrass Prairie
Tallgrass Prairie

Productive tallgrass prairie with potential for growing biofuel crops.

Productive tallgrass prairie with potential for growing biofuel crops.

Image: Drill Rig in Karnes County
Drill Rig in Karnes County
Drill Rig in Karnes County
Drill Rig in Karnes County

A drill rig on a drill pad in Karnes County, Texas.

 

A drill rig on a drill pad in Karnes County, Texas.

 

CO2 injection well
CO2 injection well in Mississippi
CO2 injection well in Mississippi
CO2 injection well in Mississippi

A carbon dioxide (CO2) injection well drilled by the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy) at the Cranfield CO2 test site in Mississippi. The well was drilled to test the effectiveness of injecting and storing CO2 in a deep saline reservoir.

A carbon dioxide (CO2) injection well drilled by the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy) at the Cranfield CO2 test site in Mississippi. The well was drilled to test the effectiveness of injecting and storing CO2 in a deep saline reservoir.

Image: Geothermal Plant
Geothermal Plant
Geothermal Plant
Geothermal Plant

A geothermal power plant at The Geysers near Santa Rosa, California. The USGS researches and assesses geothermal resources.

A geothermal power plant at The Geysers near Santa Rosa, California. The USGS researches and assesses geothermal resources.

Image: Small-scale Commercial Windmill
Small-scale Commercial Windmill
Small-scale Commercial Windmill
Small-scale Commercial Windmill

USGS researchers used a small-scale commercial windmill as an essential part of its new device to measure snowfall in remote areas.

USGS researchers used a small-scale commercial windmill as an essential part of its new device to measure snowfall in remote areas.

Image: Wind Turbines on a Farm
Wind Turbines on a Farm
Wind Turbines on a Farm
Wind Turbines on a Farm

Scientists have found that wind turbines are causing fatalities of certain species of migratory insect-eating bats, although a March 2011 study in Science suggests that solutions to reduce the impacts of wind turbines on bats may be possible.

Scientists have found that wind turbines are causing fatalities of certain species of migratory insect-eating bats, although a March 2011 study in Science suggests that solutions to reduce the impacts of wind turbines on bats may be possible.

Image shows a drill rig on a snowy landscape
Gas Hydrate Drill Rig at the Mt. Elbert Test Site in Alaska
Gas Hydrate Drill Rig at the Mt. Elbert Test Site in Alaska
Gas Hydrate Drill Rig at the Mt. Elbert Test Site in Alaska

A drill rig at the Mount Elbert test site in Alaska's North Slope, just west of Prudhoe Bay. USGS joined BP Exploration (Alaska) and the U.S. Department of Energy to drill a test well to study natural gas production from gas hydrate deposits. Read more about the Mt.

A drill rig at the Mount Elbert test site in Alaska's North Slope, just west of Prudhoe Bay. USGS joined BP Exploration (Alaska) and the U.S. Department of Energy to drill a test well to study natural gas production from gas hydrate deposits. Read more about the Mt.

Image: Alaskan Pipeline
Alaskan Pipeline
Alaskan Pipeline
Alaskan Pipeline

Trans-Alaska Pipeline, northern Brooks Range, Alaska. Rocks in the background produce oil on the North Slope.

Trans-Alaska Pipeline, northern Brooks Range, Alaska. Rocks in the background produce oil on the North Slope.