Publications
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Quantifying potential earthquake and tsunami hazard in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone of the Caribbean region
In this study, we quantify the seismic and tsunami hazard in the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, focusing on the plate interface offshore of Guadeloupe. We compare potential strain accumulated via GPS-derived plate motions to strain release due to earthquakes that have occurred over the past 110 yr, and compute the resulting moment deficit. Our results suggest that enough strain is currently stor
Authors
Gavin P. Hayes, Daniel E. McNamara, Lily Seidman, Jean Roger
The impact environment of the Hadean Earth
Impact bombardment in the first billion years of solar system history determined in large part the initial physical and chemical states of the inner planets and their potential to host biospheres. The range of physical states and thermal consequences of the impact epoch, however, are not well quantified. Here, we assess these effects on the young Earth's crust as well as the likelihood that a reco
Authors
Oleg Abramov, David A. Kring Kring, Stephen J. Mojzsis
Modern salt-marsh and tidal-flat foraminifera from Sitkinak and Simeonof Islands, southwestern Alaska
We describe the modern distribution of salt-marsh and tidal-flat foraminifera from Sitkinak Island (Trinity Islands) and Simeonof Island (Shumagin Islands), Alaska, to begin development of a dataset for later use in reconstructing relative sea-level changes caused by great earthquakes along the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone. Dead foraminifera were enumerated from a total of 58 surface-sediment s
Authors
Andrew C. Kemp, Simon E. Engelhart, Stephen J. Culver, Alan R. Nelson, Richard W. Briggs, Peter J. Haeussler
Strategies for rapid global earthquake impact estimation: the Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system
This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art for rapid earthquake impact estimation. It details the needs and challenges associated with quick estimation of earthquake losses following global earthquakes, and provides a brief literature review of various approaches that have been used in the past. With this background, the chapter introduces the operational earthquake loss estimation system develo
Authors
Kishor Jaiswal, D. J. Wald
Limiting the immediate and subsequent hazards associated with wildfires
Wildfire is a unique natural hazard because it poses immediate threats to life and property as well as creating conditions that can lead to subsequent debris flows. In recent years, the immediate destructive force of wildfires has been decreased through better understanding of fire behavior. Lightning detection networks now identify the number and locations of this common ignition source. Measurem
Authors
Jerome V. DeGraff, Susan H. Cannon, Mario Parise
Ambient seismic noise interferometry in Hawai'i reveals long-range observability of volcanic tremor
The use of seismic noise interferometry to retrieve Green's functions and the analysis of volcanic tremor are both useful in studying volcano dynamics. Whereas seismic noise interferometry allows long-range extraction of interpretable signals from a relatively weak noise wavefield, the characterization of volcanic tremor often requires a dense seismic array close to the source. We here show that s
Authors
Silke Ballmer, Cecily Wolfe, Paul G. Okubo, Matthew M. Haney, Clifford H. Thurber
A statistical analysis of the global historical volcanic fatalities record
A new database of volcanic fatalities is presented and analysed, covering the period 1600 to 2010 AD. Data are from four sources: the Smithsonian Institution, Witham (2005), CRED EM-DAT and Munich RE. The data were combined and formatted, with a weighted average fatality figure used where more than one source reports an event; the former two databases were weighted twice as strongly as the latter
Authors
Melanie Rose Auker, Robert Stephen John Sparks, Lee Siebert, H. S. Crosweller, John W. Ewert
Assessing the location and magnitude of the 20 October 1870 Charlevoix, Quebec, earthquake
The Charlevoix, Quebec, earthquake of 20 October 1870 caused damage to several towns in Quebec and was felt throughout much of southeastern Canada and along the U.S. Atlantic seaboard from Maine to Maryland. Site‐specific damage and felt reports from Canadian and U.S. cities and towns were used in analyses of the location and magnitude of the earthquake. The macroseismic center of the earthquake w
Authors
John E. Ebel, Megan Dupuy, William H. Bakun
Comment on “Why earthquake hazard maps often fail and what to do about it” by S. Stein, R. Geller, and M. Liu
No abstract available.
Authors
Arthur Frankel
Constraints on behaviour of a mining‐induced earthquake inferred from laboratory rock mechanics experiments
On December 12, 2004, an earthquake of magnitude 2.2, located in the TauTona Gold Mine at a depth of about 3.65 km in the ancient Pretorius fault zone, was recorded by the in-mine borehole seismic network, yielding an excellent set of ground motion data recorded at hypocentral distances of several km. From these data, the seismic moment tensor, indicating mostly normal faulting with a small implos
Authors
Arthur F. McGarr, Malcolm J. S. Johnston, M. Boettcher, V. Heesakkers, Z. Reches
Origin of the Blytheville Arch, and long-term displacement on the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States
The southern arm of the New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States coincides with the buried, ~110 km by ~20 km Blytheville Arch antiform within the Cambrian–Ordovician Reelfoot rift graben. The Blytheville Arch has been interpreted at various times as a compressive structure, an igneous intrusion, or a sediment diapir. Reprocessed industry seismic-reflection profiles presented here show
Authors
Thomas L. Pratt, Robert Williams, Jackson K. Odum, William J. Stephenson
Megacity megaquakes—Two near misses
Two recent earthquakes left their mark on Santiago de Chile and Tokyo, well beyond the rupture zones, raising questions about the future vulnerability of these and other cities that lie in seismically active regions. Though spared strong shaking, the megacities nevertheless lit up in small quakes, perhaps signaling an abrupt change in the condition for failure on the faults beneath the cities. To
Authors
Ross S. Stein, Shinji Toda