Publications
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Moderate-magnitude earthquakes induced by magma reservoir inflation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
Although volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes often occur in response to magma intrusion, it is rare for them to have magnitudes larger than ~M4. On 24 May 2007, two shallow M4+ earthquakes occurred beneath the upper part of the east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. An integrated analysis of geodetic, seismic, and field data, together with Coulomb stress modeling, demonstrates that the earthqua
Authors
Christelle Wauthier, Diana C. Roman, Michael P. Poland
Response of diatoms and silicoflagellates to climate change in the Santa Barbara Basin during the past 250 years and the rise of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis
Diatoms and silicoflagellate assemblages were examined in two year-increments of varved samples spanning the interval from 1748 through 2007 in Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) box core SBBC0806 to determine the timing and impact of possible 20th century warming on several different components of the plankton. Diatoms (Thalassionema nitzschioides =TN) and silicoflagellates (Distephanus speculum s.l. =DS)
Authors
John A. Barron, David Bukry, David B. Field, Bruce Finney
A fluid-driven earthquake swarm on the margin of the Yellowstone caldera
Over the past several decades, the Yellowstone caldera has experienced frequent earthquake swarms and repeated cycles of uplift and subsidence, reflecting dynamic volcanic and tectonic processes. Here, we examine the detailed spatial-temporal evolution of the 2010 Madison Plateau swarm, which occurred near the northwest boundary of the Yellowstone caldera. To fully explore the evolution of the swa
Authors
David R. Shelly, David P. Hill, Frederick Massin, Jamie Farrell, Robert B. Smith, Taka'aki Taira
On the absolute calibration of SO2 cameras
Sulphur dioxide emission rate measurements are an important tool for volcanic monitoring and eruption risk assessment. The SO2 camera technique remotely measures volcanic emissions by analysing the ultraviolet absorption of SO2 in a narrow spectral window between 300 and 320 nm using solar radiation scattered in the atmosphere. The SO2 absorption is selectively detected by mounting band-pass inter
Authors
Peter Lübcke, Nicole Bobrowski, Sebastian Illing, Christoph Kern, Jose Manuel Alvarez Nieves, Leif Vogel, Johannes Zielcke, Hugo Delgados Granados, Ulrich Platt
Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations
Seiche waves in Yellowstone Lake with a ~78-minute period and heights
Authors
Karen Luttrell, David Mencin, Oliver Francis, Shaul Hurwitz
A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands
Space-geodetic measurements of surface deformation produced by the most recent eruptions at Fernandina – the most frequently erupting volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago – reveal that all have initiated with the intrusion of subhorizontal sills from a shallow magma reservoir. This includes eruptions from fissures that are oriented both radially and circumferentially with respect to the summit cal
Authors
Marco Bagnardi, Falk Amelung, Michael P. Poland
Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario
The SAFRR tsunami scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical yet plausible tsunami associated with a magnitude 9.1 megathrust earthquake east of the Alaska Peninsula. This report summarizes community variations in population vulnerability and potential evacuation challenges to the tsunami. The most significant public-health concern for California coastal communities during a distant-source tsun
Authors
Nathan Wood, Jamie Ratliff, Jeff Peters, Kimberley Shoaf
Continuous gravity measurements reveal a low-density lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i
On 5 March 2011, the lava lake within the summit eruptive vent at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, began to drain as magma withdrew to feed a dike intrusion and fissure eruption on the volcanoʼs east rift zone. The draining was monitored by a variety of continuous geological and geophysical measurements, including deformation, thermal and visual imagery, and gravity. Over the first ∼14 hours of the drain
Authors
Daniele Carbone, Michael P. Poland, Matthew R. Patrick, Tim R. Orr
Summit crater lake observations, and the location, chemistry, and pH of water samples near Mount Chiginagak volcano, Alaska: 2004-2012
Mount Chiginagak is a hydrothermally active volcano on the Alaska Peninsula, approximately 170 km south–southwest of King Salmon, Alaska (fig. 1). This small stratovolcano, approximately 8 km in diameter, has erupted through Tertiary to Permian sedimentary and igneous rocks (Detterman and others, 1987). The highest peak is at an elevation of 2,135 m, and the upper ~1,000 m of the volcano are cover
Authors
Janet R. Schaefer, William E. Scott, William C. Evans, Bronwen Wang, Robert G. McGimsey
Melts of garnet lherzolite: experiments, models and comparison to melts of pyroxenite and carbonated lherzolite
Phase equilibrium experiments on a compositionally modified olivine leucitite from the Tibetan plateau have been carried out from 2.2 to 2.8 GPa and 1,380–1,480 °C. The experiments-produced liquids multiply saturated with spinel and garnet lherzolite phase assemblages (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel ± garnet) under nominally anhydrous conditions. These SiO2-undersaturated liquids
Authors
Timothy L. Grove, Eva S. Holbig, Jay A. Barr, Christy B. Till, Michael J. Krawczynski
Discussion: Numerical study on the entrainment of bed material into rapid landslides
A paper recently published in this journal (Pirulli & Pastor, 2012) uses numerical modelling to study the important problem of entrainment of bed material by landslides. Unfortunately, some of the basic equations employed in the study are flawed, because they violate the principle of linear momentum conservation. Similar errors exist in some other studies of entrainment, and the errors appear to s
Authors
Richard M. Iverson
Intrusive dike complexes, cumulate cores, and the extrusive growth of Hawaiian volcanoes
The Hawaiian Islands are the most geologically studied hot-spot islands in the world yet surprisingly, the only large-scale compilation of marine and land gravity data is more than 45 years old. Early surveys served as reconnaissance studies only, and detailed analyses of the crustal-density structure have been limited. Here we present a new chain-wide gravity compilation that incorporates histori
Authors
Ashton F. Flinders, Garrett Ito, Michael O. Garcia, John M. Sinton, Jim Kauahikaua, Brian Taylor