Matthew D Petkewich
Matthew Petkewich is the Groundwater Specialist at the South Atlantic Water Science Center.
Science and Products
Groundwater Modeling of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina
The USGS SAWSC in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) will use an existing, published groundwater-flow model of the South Carolina Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units to simulate current groundwater conditions and future water-use scenarios developed by SCDNR. The published groundwater-flow model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and...
Development of a web-based tool for coastal water resources management
The sustainability of coastal water resources is being affected by climate change, sea level rise, and modifications to land use and hydrologic systems. To prepare for and respond to these drivers of hydrologic change, coastal water managers need real-time data, an understanding of temporal trends, and information about how current and historical data compare. Coastal water managers often must mak
Real-time Coastal Salinity Index for monitoring coastal drought and ecological response to changing salinity values
Many coastal areas are experiencing departures from normal conditions due to changing land use and climate patterns, including increased frequency, severity, or duration of floods and droughts, in some cases combinations of the two. To address these issues, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Coastal Salinity Index (CSI) to identify and communicate fluctuating salinity conditions due to such
Development of a Coastal Salinity Index
A critical aspect of the uniqueness of coastal drought is the effects on the salinity dynamics of creeks, rivers, and estuaries. The location of the freshwater–saltwater interface along the coast is an important factor in the ecological and socioeconomic dynamics of coastal communities. Salinity is a critical response variable that integrates hydrologic and coastal dynamics including sea level...
Investigation of Flow Patterns, Water-Quantity and Water-Quality Conditions in the Bushy Park Reservoir, Charleston, South Carolina
The U.S. Geological Survey South Atlantic Water Science Center, South Carolina office, in cooperation with Charleston Water System (CWS), is evaluating the hydrodynamics of the Bushy Park Reservoir to determine the effects on water-quality conditions.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Water-Quality and Sonar Measurements alongside Conductivity, Temperature and Depth Measurements in the Delaware River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2021
These datasets were created in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) for the Delaware River Basin pilot study (Eberts, Wagner, and Woodside, 2019). The NGWOS utilizes real-time data, improved computational capabilities, and new technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) to provide information
Water-Quality Measurements in Savannah River, Savannah, Georgia, 2020
The Savannah Harbor Expansion Project (SHEP) began in January 2015 with the purpose of deepening the Savannah Harbor federal shipping channel to allow access to larger shipping vessels (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018a). There are various features and mitigation efforts to the SHEP, one of which is the installation of a dissolved-oxygen (DO) injection system at two locations along the Savannah
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Water-Quality and Sonar Measurements in Delaware River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2019
These data sets were created in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) for the Delaware River Basin pilot study (Eberts, Wagner, and Woodside, 2019). The NGWOS utilizes real-time data, improved computational capabilities, and new technologies such as the rapid deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV) and autonomous underwater vehicle's (A
Water-, Sediment-, and Biological-Quality Data for Waters Receiving Runoff from Five Bridges in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018
This dataset contains water-, sediment-, and biological-quality data collected immediately upstream and downstream from 5 bridges in 3 physiographic provinces (Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and Lower Coast Plain) in South Carolina during periods of observable bridge-deck runoff during 2013 to 2018. The associated report (Journey and others, 2020, "Effects of Stormwater Runoff from Selected Bridge
Coastal Salinity Index for Monitoring Drought
The Coastal Salinity Index was applied to salinity data obtained from sites in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Puerto Rico. This data release will provide all the salinity data and Coastal Salinity Index results for many coastal salinity gages.
Water Quality Data for Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina 2013-2015
Water-quality data for the Bushy Park Reservoir near Goose Creek, South Carolina, from September 2013 to May 2015. Data includes the chemical, physical, and biological properties that influence (1) geosmin and 2-methyisobornel (MIB) occurrence in this source-water reservoir, (2) cyanobacterial biovolumes, and (3) geosmin-producing and toxin-producing genera of cyanobacteria. Data Release for USGS
Compilation of Data on the Middle Savannah River for the Analysis of Sub-Daily Flow Variation
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has been working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District (USACE - Savannah) and other stakeholders on environmental flow recommendations for the Savannah River since May 2002 and have recently (2015) updated the environmental flow recommendations from 2003. Analysis of the flow data revealed a large amount of
Filter Total Items: 30
State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—H
Tropical cyclones (coastal storm events that include tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) cause landscape-scale disturbances that can lead to impaired water quality and thus reduce water availability for use. Stakeholders and scientists at local and national scales have illustrated a need for understanding these risks to water quality. A regional and comprehensive understanding o
Authors
Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Tara L. Root, Matthew D. Petkewich, MaryLynn Musgrove, Amy C. Gill, J. Curtis Weaver, Christopher H. Conaway, Bruce D. Lindsey, Francis Parchaso, Noah Knowles, Elizabeth J. Tomaszewski
Community for Data Integration 2020 project report
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually funds small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 12 projects funded in fiscal year 2020, outlining their goals, activities, and accomplishments.
Authors
Leslie Hsu, Emily G. Chapin, Theodore B. Barnhart, Amanda E. Cravens, Richard A. Erickson, Jason Ferrante, Aaron Fox, Nathaniel P. Hitt, Margaret Hunter, Katharine Kolb, Jared R. Peacock, Matthew D. Petkewich, Sasha C. Reed, Terry L. Sohl, Tanja N. Williamson
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS) Program, Science Synthesis, Analysis and Research Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Fort Collins Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
Evaluation of the Bushy Park Reservoir three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model, South Carolina, 2012–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in southeastern South Carolina. The reservoir, located under a semi-tropical climate, is the principal water supply for the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there was an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir in 2022, water-quality concerns are pre
Authors
Erik A. Smith, Madhu Akasapu-Smith, Matthew D. Petkewich, Paul A. Conrads
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water interpolation model, version 3
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of water-level gages, interpolation models that estimate daily water-level data at ungaged locations, and applications that generate derived hydrologic data across the freshwater part of the Greater Everglades landscape. Version 3 (V3) of the EDEN interpolation surface-water model is the most recent update, replacing the versi
Authors
Saira Haider, Eric Swain, James Beerens, Matthew D. Petkewich, Bryan McCloskey, Heather Henkel
Effects of stormwater runoff from selected bridge decks on conditions of water, sediment, and biological quality in receiving waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, investigated the effects of stormwater runoff from bridge decks on stream water quality conditions in South Carolina. The investigation assessed 5 bridges in 3 physiographic provinces in South Carolina (Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and Lower Coast Plain) that had a range of bridge, traffic, and hydro
Authors
Celeste A. Journey, Matthew D. Petkewich, Kevin J. Conlon, Andral W. Caldwell, Jimmy M. Clark, Jeffrey W. Riley, Paul M. Bradley
Coastal Salinity Index along the southeastern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, 1983 to 2018
Coastal droughts have a different dynamic than upland droughts, which are typically characterized by agricultural, hydrologic, meteorological, and (or) socioeconomic effects. Drought uniquely affects coastal ecosystems because of changes in the salinity conditions of estuarine creeks and rivers. The location of the freshwater-saltwater interface in surface-water bodies is an important factor in th
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Kirsten Lackstrom, Bryan J. McCloskey, Lauren F. Rouen, Paul A. Conrads
Characterization of water quality in Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is the principal water supply for 400,000 people in the greater Charleston, South Carolina, area, which includes homes as well as businesses and industries in the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Charleston Water System and the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a cooperative study during 2013–15 to assess the circulation of Bushy Park Reservoir and its effects on water-qualit
Authors
Paul A. Conrads, Celeste A. Journey, Matthew D. Petkewich, Timothy H. Lanier, Jimmy M. Clark
Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
Groundwater withdrawals from the Upper Cretaceous-age Middendorf aquifer in South Carolina have created a large, regional cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Middendorf aquifer in Charleston and Berkeley Counties, South Carolina. Groundwater-level declines of as much as 249 feet have been observed in wells over the past 125 years and are a result of groundwater use for public w
Authors
Jason M. Fine, Matthew D. Petkewich, Bruce G. Campbell
Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in a semi-tropical climate and is the principal water supply for the 400,000 people of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there is an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir, taste-and-odor water-quality issues are a concern. The U.S. Geological S
Authors
Paul Conrads, Matthew D. Petkewich, W. Fred Falls, Timothy H. Lanier
Using inferential sensors for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), with over 240 real-time gaging stations, provides hydrologic data for freshwater and tidal areas of the Everglades. These data are used to generate daily water-level and water-depth maps of the Everglades that are used to assess biotic responses to hydrologic change resulting from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Ruby C. Daamen, Edwin A. Roehl, Paul Conrads
User’s manual for the Automated Data Assurance and Management application developed for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data
The generation of Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) daily water-level and water-depth maps is dependent on high quality real-time data from over 240 water-level stations. To increase the accuracy of the daily water-surface maps, the Automated Data Assurance and Management (ADAM) tool was created by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. The A
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Ruby C. Daamen, Edwin A. Roehl, Paul Conrads
Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99
The real-time Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) has been established to support a variety of scientific and water management purposes. The expansiveness of the Everglades, limited number of gaging stations, and extreme sensitivity of the ecosystem to small changes in water depth have created a need for accurate water-level and water-depth maps. The EDEN water-surface elevation model uses
Authors
Paul Conrads, Matthew D. Petkewich, Andrew M. O'Reilly, Pamela A. Telis
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Groundwater Modeling of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina
The USGS SAWSC in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) will use an existing, published groundwater-flow model of the South Carolina Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units to simulate current groundwater conditions and future water-use scenarios developed by SCDNR. The published groundwater-flow model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and...
Development of a web-based tool for coastal water resources management
The sustainability of coastal water resources is being affected by climate change, sea level rise, and modifications to land use and hydrologic systems. To prepare for and respond to these drivers of hydrologic change, coastal water managers need real-time data, an understanding of temporal trends, and information about how current and historical data compare. Coastal water managers often must mak
Real-time Coastal Salinity Index for monitoring coastal drought and ecological response to changing salinity values
Many coastal areas are experiencing departures from normal conditions due to changing land use and climate patterns, including increased frequency, severity, or duration of floods and droughts, in some cases combinations of the two. To address these issues, the U.S. Geological Survey developed the Coastal Salinity Index (CSI) to identify and communicate fluctuating salinity conditions due to such
Development of a Coastal Salinity Index
A critical aspect of the uniqueness of coastal drought is the effects on the salinity dynamics of creeks, rivers, and estuaries. The location of the freshwater–saltwater interface along the coast is an important factor in the ecological and socioeconomic dynamics of coastal communities. Salinity is a critical response variable that integrates hydrologic and coastal dynamics including sea level...
Investigation of Flow Patterns, Water-Quantity and Water-Quality Conditions in the Bushy Park Reservoir, Charleston, South Carolina
The U.S. Geological Survey South Atlantic Water Science Center, South Carolina office, in cooperation with Charleston Water System (CWS), is evaluating the hydrodynamics of the Bushy Park Reservoir to determine the effects on water-quality conditions.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Water-Quality and Sonar Measurements alongside Conductivity, Temperature and Depth Measurements in the Delaware River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2021
These datasets were created in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) for the Delaware River Basin pilot study (Eberts, Wagner, and Woodside, 2019). The NGWOS utilizes real-time data, improved computational capabilities, and new technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) to provide information
Water-Quality Measurements in Savannah River, Savannah, Georgia, 2020
The Savannah Harbor Expansion Project (SHEP) began in January 2015 with the purpose of deepening the Savannah Harbor federal shipping channel to allow access to larger shipping vessels (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018a). There are various features and mitigation efforts to the SHEP, one of which is the installation of a dissolved-oxygen (DO) injection system at two locations along the Savannah
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Water-Quality and Sonar Measurements in Delaware River near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2019
These data sets were created in support of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) for the Delaware River Basin pilot study (Eberts, Wagner, and Woodside, 2019). The NGWOS utilizes real-time data, improved computational capabilities, and new technologies such as the rapid deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV) and autonomous underwater vehicle's (A
Water-, Sediment-, and Biological-Quality Data for Waters Receiving Runoff from Five Bridges in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018
This dataset contains water-, sediment-, and biological-quality data collected immediately upstream and downstream from 5 bridges in 3 physiographic provinces (Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and Lower Coast Plain) in South Carolina during periods of observable bridge-deck runoff during 2013 to 2018. The associated report (Journey and others, 2020, "Effects of Stormwater Runoff from Selected Bridge
Coastal Salinity Index for Monitoring Drought
The Coastal Salinity Index was applied to salinity data obtained from sites in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Puerto Rico. This data release will provide all the salinity data and Coastal Salinity Index results for many coastal salinity gages.
Water Quality Data for Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina 2013-2015
Water-quality data for the Bushy Park Reservoir near Goose Creek, South Carolina, from September 2013 to May 2015. Data includes the chemical, physical, and biological properties that influence (1) geosmin and 2-methyisobornel (MIB) occurrence in this source-water reservoir, (2) cyanobacterial biovolumes, and (3) geosmin-producing and toxin-producing genera of cyanobacteria. Data Release for USGS
Compilation of Data on the Middle Savannah River for the Analysis of Sub-Daily Flow Variation
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has been working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the U.S Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District (USACE - Savannah) and other stakeholders on environmental flow recommendations for the Savannah River since May 2002 and have recently (2015) updated the environmental flow recommendations from 2003. Analysis of the flow data revealed a large amount of
Filter Total Items: 30
State of science, gap analysis, and prioritization for southeastern United States water-quality impacts from coastal storms—Fiscal year 2023 program report to the Water Resources Mission Area from the Water Availability Impacts of Extreme Events Program—H
Tropical cyclones (coastal storm events that include tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) cause landscape-scale disturbances that can lead to impaired water quality and thus reduce water availability for use. Stakeholders and scientists at local and national scales have illustrated a need for understanding these risks to water quality. A regional and comprehensive understanding o
Authors
Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Tara L. Root, Matthew D. Petkewich, MaryLynn Musgrove, Amy C. Gill, J. Curtis Weaver, Christopher H. Conaway, Bruce D. Lindsey, Francis Parchaso, Noah Knowles, Elizabeth J. Tomaszewski
Community for Data Integration 2020 project report
The U.S. Geological Survey Community for Data Integration annually funds small projects focusing on data integration for interdisciplinary research, innovative data management, and demonstration of new technologies. This report provides a summary of the 12 projects funded in fiscal year 2020, outlining their goals, activities, and accomplishments.
Authors
Leslie Hsu, Emily G. Chapin, Theodore B. Barnhart, Amanda E. Cravens, Richard A. Erickson, Jason Ferrante, Aaron Fox, Nathaniel P. Hitt, Margaret Hunter, Katharine Kolb, Jared R. Peacock, Matthew D. Petkewich, Sasha C. Reed, Terry L. Sohl, Tanja N. Williamson
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS) Program, Science Synthesis, Analysis and Research Program, Community for Data Integration (CDI), Fort Collins Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
Evaluation of the Bushy Park Reservoir three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water-quality model, South Carolina, 2012–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in southeastern South Carolina. The reservoir, located under a semi-tropical climate, is the principal water supply for the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there was an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir in 2022, water-quality concerns are pre
Authors
Erik A. Smith, Madhu Akasapu-Smith, Matthew D. Petkewich, Paul A. Conrads
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) surface-water interpolation model, version 3
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) is an integrated network of water-level gages, interpolation models that estimate daily water-level data at ungaged locations, and applications that generate derived hydrologic data across the freshwater part of the Greater Everglades landscape. Version 3 (V3) of the EDEN interpolation surface-water model is the most recent update, replacing the versi
Authors
Saira Haider, Eric Swain, James Beerens, Matthew D. Petkewich, Bryan McCloskey, Heather Henkel
Effects of stormwater runoff from selected bridge decks on conditions of water, sediment, and biological quality in receiving waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, investigated the effects of stormwater runoff from bridge decks on stream water quality conditions in South Carolina. The investigation assessed 5 bridges in 3 physiographic provinces in South Carolina (Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and Lower Coast Plain) that had a range of bridge, traffic, and hydro
Authors
Celeste A. Journey, Matthew D. Petkewich, Kevin J. Conlon, Andral W. Caldwell, Jimmy M. Clark, Jeffrey W. Riley, Paul M. Bradley
Coastal Salinity Index along the southeastern Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, 1983 to 2018
Coastal droughts have a different dynamic than upland droughts, which are typically characterized by agricultural, hydrologic, meteorological, and (or) socioeconomic effects. Drought uniquely affects coastal ecosystems because of changes in the salinity conditions of estuarine creeks and rivers. The location of the freshwater-saltwater interface in surface-water bodies is an important factor in th
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Kirsten Lackstrom, Bryan J. McCloskey, Lauren F. Rouen, Paul A. Conrads
Characterization of water quality in Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is the principal water supply for 400,000 people in the greater Charleston, South Carolina, area, which includes homes as well as businesses and industries in the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Charleston Water System and the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a cooperative study during 2013–15 to assess the circulation of Bushy Park Reservoir and its effects on water-qualit
Authors
Paul A. Conrads, Celeste A. Journey, Matthew D. Petkewich, Timothy H. Lanier, Jimmy M. Clark
Simulation of groundwater flow and pumping scenarios for 1900–2050 near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
Groundwater withdrawals from the Upper Cretaceous-age Middendorf aquifer in South Carolina have created a large, regional cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Middendorf aquifer in Charleston and Berkeley Counties, South Carolina. Groundwater-level declines of as much as 249 feet have been observed in wells over the past 125 years and are a result of groundwater use for public w
Authors
Jason M. Fine, Matthew D. Petkewich, Bruce G. Campbell
Hydrologic characterization of Bushy Park Reservoir, South Carolina, 2013–15
The Bushy Park Reservoir is a relatively shallow impoundment in a semi-tropical climate and is the principal water supply for the 400,000 people of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, and the surrounding areas including the Bushy Park Industrial Complex. Although there is an adequate supply of freshwater in the reservoir, taste-and-odor water-quality issues are a concern. The U.S. Geological S
Authors
Paul Conrads, Matthew D. Petkewich, W. Fred Falls, Timothy H. Lanier
Using inferential sensors for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data
The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), with over 240 real-time gaging stations, provides hydrologic data for freshwater and tidal areas of the Everglades. These data are used to generate daily water-level and water-depth maps of the Everglades that are used to assess biotic responses to hydrologic change resulting from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Comprehensive Everglades Restoration
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Ruby C. Daamen, Edwin A. Roehl, Paul Conrads
User’s manual for the Automated Data Assurance and Management application developed for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data
The generation of Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) daily water-level and water-depth maps is dependent on high quality real-time data from over 240 water-level stations. To increase the accuracy of the daily water-surface maps, the Automated Data Assurance and Management (ADAM) tool was created by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. The A
Authors
Matthew D. Petkewich, Ruby C. Daamen, Edwin A. Roehl, Paul Conrads
Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99
The real-time Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) has been established to support a variety of scientific and water management purposes. The expansiveness of the Everglades, limited number of gaging stations, and extreme sensitivity of the ecosystem to small changes in water depth have created a need for accurate water-level and water-depth maps. The EDEN water-surface elevation model uses
Authors
Paul Conrads, Matthew D. Petkewich, Andrew M. O'Reilly, Pamela A. Telis
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.