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CÁC TRẬN ĐỘNG ĐẤT XẢY RA Ở ĐÂU

Theo Mô Hình Cảnh Báo Nguy Hiểm Động Đất Toàn Quốc, 2023

ĐỘNG ĐẤT TẠI THÀNH PHỐ NEW YORK

TITLE: WHERE EARTHQUAKES OCCUR

MAP: National Seismic Hazard Model, 2023

HEADING: EARTHQUAKES IN NYC

Social media graphic used for promoting the 2023 update to the National Seismic Hazard Model | U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov)

NATIONAL SEISMIC HAZARD MODEL

The National Seismic Hazard Model stands as a testament to scientific innovation in the service of public safety. This congressionally requested update provides an essential tool to many stakeholders by showing where large earthquakes are most likely to occur, allowing for better mitigation and preparedness in those areas.

This hazard map is a simplified 2% in 50-year probability of exceedance map for fixed VS30 760 m/s.

Annual number of earthquakes with a magnitude of 3.0 or larger in the central and eastern United States, 1973–2024. The long-term rate of approximately 25 earthquakes per year increased sharply starting around 2009.

From the 2003 NSHM by Mueller et al., 2010, the distribution of spectral acceleration (SA in %g) is shown for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Global view of three locations: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and American Samoa. J.A. Herrick (2023)

EARTHQUAKES: WHAT YOU FEEL

EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY

Map showing distribution of average annualized earthquake loss by region. The high concentration of loss in California and the West Coast is consistent with that region’s high seismic hazard, significant population, and building exposure. 

Although most economic loss is concentrated along the west coast, the distribution of relative earthquake risk, as measured by the Annualized Earthquake Loss Ratio (AELR), is spread throughout the country and it reinforces the fact that earthquakes are a national problem.

The large HTHH volcanic explosion created fast low-frequency pressure waves that penetrated about 3.1 miles/5 kilometers into the shallow crust (shown in yellow). Wind and small explosions (shown in blue) create shorter pressure waves that only penetrate down about 328 feet/100 meters.

The waveforms of the ground motion recording and the pressure sensor recording from a station with both types of instruments (see second image above) match up, indicating that the pressure waves are causing the ground (crust) to deflect.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. This taxidermied polar bear was just inside the doors to the chow hall.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. Tyler Storm packs up for a shipment back home.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. Tyler Storm drilling a hole in the concrete pier for a new accelerometer installation.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. The vault for the IU-KBS seismic station is 15 feet below.

In October 2022 GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world, Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago.USGS contractor, Jared Anderson, relieving the bell jar pressure to remove STS-1 seismo

In October 2022 GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world, Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. Reindeer graze in the snow near the seismic station vault.

GSN field engineers from the Albuquerque Seismic Lab visited the northernmost town in the world Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway) on their way north to GSN station IU-KBS for a station upgrade. GSN station IU-KBS is located in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago. The last leg of the trip was in a smaller Dornier Do 228 airplane.