Images

Seiche in Lake Geneva (Switzerland)

A seiche is the sloshing of a closed body of water from earthquake shaking. Swimming pools often have seiches during earthquakes.

Moment = ? A D

? = shear modulus = 32 GPa in crust, 75 GPa in mantle

A = LW = area

D = average displacement during rupture

The New Madrid seismic zone in Central U.S.

A seismic zone is an area of seismicity probably sharing a common cause. 

A seismogram is a record written by a seismograph in response to ground motions produced by an earthquake, explosion, or other ground-motion sources.

The shadow zone is the area of the earth from angular distances of 104 to 140 degrees from a given earthquake that does not receive any direct P waves. The shadow zone results from S waves being stopped entirely by the liquid core and P waves being bent (refracted) by the liquid core.

A slab is the oceanic crustal plate that underthrusts the continental plate in a subduction zone and is consumed by the earth's mantle.

Slickensides are polished striated rock surfaces caused by one rock mass moving across another on a fault.

Teleseismic is pertaining to earthquakes at distances greater than 1,000 km from the measurement site.

The time history is the sequence of values of any time-varying quantity (such as a ground motion measurement) measured at a set of fixed times. Also termed time series.

A transform fault is a special variety of strike-slip fault that accommodates relative horizontal slip between other tectonic elements, such as oceanic crustal plates. Often extend from oceanic ridges.

The slip rate is how fast the two sides of a fault are slipping relative to one another, as determined from geodetic measurements, from offset man-made structures, or from offset geologic features whose age can be estimated. It is measured parallel to the predominant slip direction or estimated from the vertical or horizontal offset of geologic markers.

Soil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey, showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic (manganese and/or iron?) oxides.

The source is the term for the released forces that generate acoustic or seismic waves, also called the earthquake source.

A P wave, or compressional wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.

Person sitting and overlooking valley of snow-topped mountains with clouds in between mountains 

Diagram of period.  The period is the time interval required for one full cycle of a wave.

Plate Tectonics is the theory supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earth's crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another. Slip on faults that define the plate boundaries commonly results in earthquakes.

Ripples on a pond are attenuated as they move away from the source. Q is the inverse of attenuation. A high Q means a low attenuation.

Geologic time scale showing eras, periods, and notable events in terms of millions of years ago.

A stress vs time graph showing fault strength and an offset across fault vs time graph 

The reflection is the energy or wave from an earthquake that has been returned (reflected) from an boundary between two different materials within the earth, just as a mirror reflects light.